---
title: Deduplicate data
description: The Beats framework guarantees at-least-once delivery to ensure that no data is lost when events are sent to outputs that support acknowledgement, such...
url: https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/beats/filebeat/filebeat-deduplication
products:
  - Beats
  - Filebeat
applies_to:
  - Elastic Cloud Serverless: Generally available
  - Elastic Stack: Generally available
---

# Deduplicate data
The Beats framework guarantees at-least-once delivery to ensure that no data is lost when events are sent to outputs that support acknowledgement, such as Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kafka, and Redis. This is great if everything goes as planned. But if Filebeat shuts down during processing, or the connection is lost before events are acknowledged, you can end up with duplicate data.

## What causes duplicates in Elasticsearch?

When an output is blocked, the retry mechanism in Filebeat attempts to resend events until they are acknowledged by the output. If the output receives the events, but is unable to acknowledge them, the data might be sent to the output multiple times. Because document IDs are typically set by Elasticsearch *after* it receives the data from Beats, the duplicate events are indexed as new documents.

## How can I avoid duplicates?

Rather than allowing Elasticsearch to set the document ID, set the ID in Beats. The ID is stored in the Beats `@metadata._id` field and used to set the document ID during indexing. That way, if Beats sends the same event to Elasticsearch more than once, Elasticsearch overwrites the existing document rather than creating a new one.
The `@metadata._id` field is passed along with the event so that you can use it to set the document ID after the event has been published by Filebeat but before it’s received by Elasticsearch. For example, see [Logstash pipeline example](#ls-doc-id).
There are several ways to set the document ID in Beats:
- **`add_id` processor**
  Use the [`add_id`](https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/beats/filebeat/add-id) processor when your data has no natural key field, and you can’t derive a unique key from existing fields.
  This example generates a unique ID for each event and adds it to the `@metadata._id` field:
  ```yaml
  processors:
    - add_id: ~
  ```
- **`fingerprint` processor**
  Use the [`fingerprint`](https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/beats/filebeat/fingerprint) processor to derive a unique key from one or more existing fields.
  This example uses the values of `field1` and `field2` to derive a unique key that it adds to the `@metadata._id` field:
  ```yaml
  processors:
    - fingerprint:
        fields: ["field1", "field2"]
        target_field: "@metadata._id"
  ```
- **`decode_json_fields` processor**
  Use the `document_id` setting in the [`decode_json_fields`](https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/beats/filebeat/decode-json-fields) processor when you’re decoding a JSON string that contains a natural key field.
  For this example, assume that the `message` field contains the JSON string `{"myid": "100", "text": "Some text"}`. This example takes the value of `myid` from the JSON string and stores it in the `@metadata._id` field:
  ```yaml
  processors:
    - decode_json_fields:
        document_id: "myid"
        fields: ["message"]
        max_depth: 1
        target: ""
  ```
  The resulting document ID is `100`.
- **JSON input settings**
  Use the `json.document_id` input setting if you’re ingesting JSON-formatted data, and the data has a natural key field.
  This example takes the value of `key1` from the JSON document and stores it in the `@metadata._id` field:
  ```yaml
  filebeat.inputs:
  - type: log
    paths:
      - /path/to/json.log
    json.document_id: "key1"
  ```


## Logstash pipeline example

For this example, assume that you’ve used one of the approaches described earlier to store the document ID in the Beats `@metadata._id` field. To preserve the ID when you send Beats data through Logstash en route to Elasticsearch, set the `document_id` field in the Logstash pipeline:
```json
input {
  beats {
    port => 5044
  }
}

output {
  if [@metadata][_id] {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]
      document_id => "%{[@metadata][_id]}" 
      index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}"
    }
  } else {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]
      index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}"
    }
  }
}
```

When Elasticsearch indexes the document, it sets the document ID to the specified value, preserving the ID passed from Beats.