Configure the internal queue

Heartbeat uses an internal queue to store events before publishing them. The queue is responsible for buffering and combining events into batches that can be consumed by the outputs. The outputs will use bulk operations to send a batch of events in one transaction.

You can configure the type and behavior of the internal queue by setting options in the queue section of the heartbeat.yml config file. Only one queue type can be configured.

This sample configuration sets the memory queue to buffer up to 4096 events:

queue.mem:
  events: 4096

The memory queue keeps all events in memory.

The memory queue waits for the output to acknowledge or drop events. If the queue is full, no new events can be inserted into the memory queue. Only after the signal from the output will the queue free up space for more events to be accepted.

The memory queue is controlled by the parameters flush.min_events and flush.timeout. If flush.timeout is 0s or flush.min_events is 0 or 1 then events can be sent by the output as soon as they are available. If the output supports a bulk_max_size parameter it controls the maximum batch size that can be sent.

If flush.min_events is greater than 1 and flush.timeout is greater than 0s, events will only be sent to the output when the queue contains at least flush.min_events events or the flush.timeout period has expired. In this mode the maximum size batch that that can be sent by the output is flush.min_events. If the output supports a bulk_max_size parameter, values of bulk_max_size greater than flush.min_events have no effect. The value of flush.min_events should be evenly divisible by bulk_max_size to avoid sending partial batches to the output.

This sample configuration forwards events to the output if 512 events are available or the oldest available event has been waiting for 5s in the queue:

queue.mem:
  events: 4096
  flush.min_events: 512
  flush.timeout: 5s

You can specify the following options in the queue.mem section of the heartbeat.yml config file:

Number of events the queue can store. This value should be evenly divisible by flush.min_events to avoid sending partial batches to the output.

The default value is 4096 events.

Minimum number of events required for publishing. If this value is set to 0 or 1, events are available to the output immediately. If this value is greater than 1 the output must wait for the queue to accumulate this minimum number of events or for flush.timeout to expire before publishing. When greater than 1 this value also defines the maximum possible batch that can be sent by the output.

The default value is 2048.

Maximum wait time for flush.min_events to be fulfilled. If set to 0s, events are available to the output immediately.

The default value is 1s.

The disk queue stores pending events on the disk rather than main memory. This allows Beats to queue a larger number of events than is possible with the memory queue, and to save events when a Beat or device is restarted. This increased reliability comes with a performance tradeoff, as every incoming event must be written and read from the device’s disk. However, for setups where the disk is not the main bottleneck, the disk queue gives a simple and relatively low-overhead way to add a layer of robustness to incoming event data.

To enable the disk queue with default settings, specify a maximum size:

queue.disk:
  max_size: 10GB

The queue will use up to the specified maximum size on disk. It will only use as much space as required. For example, if the queue is only storing 1GB of events, then it will only occupy 1GB on disk no matter how high the maximum is. Queue data is deleted from disk after it has been successfully sent to the output.

You can specify the following options in the queue.disk section of the heartbeat.yml config file:

The path to the directory where the disk queue should store its data files. The directory is created on startup if it doesn’t exist.

The default value is "${path.data}/diskqueue".

The maximum size the queue should use on disk. Events that exceed this maximum will either pause their input or be discarded, depending on the input’s configuration.

A value of 0 means that no maximum size is enforced, and the queue can grow up to the amount of free space on the disk. This value should be used with caution, as completely filling a system’s main disk can make it inoperable. It is best to use this setting only with a dedicated data or backup partition that will not interfere with Heartbeat or the rest of the host system.

The default value is 10GB.

Data added to the queue is stored in segment files. Each segment contains some number of events waiting to be sent to the outputs, and is deleted when all its events are sent. By default, segment size is limited to 1/10 of the maximum queue size. Using a smaller size means that the queue will use more data files, but they will be deleted more quickly after use. Using a larger size means some data will take longer to delete, but the queue will use fewer auxiliary files. It is usually fine to leave this value unchanged.

The default value is max_size / 10.

The number of events that should be read from disk into memory while waiting for an output to request them. If you find outputs are slowing down because they can’t read as many events at a time, adjusting this setting upward may help, at the cost of higher memory usage.

The default value is 512.

The number of events the queue should accept and store in memory while waiting for them to be written to disk. If you find the queue’s memory use is too high because events are waiting too long to be written to disk, adjusting this setting downward may help, at the cost of reduced event throughput. On the other hand, if inputs are waiting or discarding events because they are being produced faster than the disk can handle, adjusting this setting upward may help, at the cost of higher memory usage.

The default value is 2048.

Some disk errors may block operation of the queue, for example a permission error writing to the data directory, or a disk full error while writing an event. In this case, the queue reports the error and retries after pausing for the time specified in retry_interval.

The default value is 1s (one second).

When there are multiple consecutive errors writing to the disk, the queue increases the retry interval by factors of 2 up to a maximum of max_retry_interval. Increase this value if you are concerned about logging too many errors or overloading the host system if the target disk becomes unavailable for an extended time.

The default value is 30s (thirty seconds).