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Operators: Numeric

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Operators: Numeric

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Post Increment

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Use the post increment operator '++' to INCREASE the value of a numeric type variable/field by 1. An extra implicit cast is necessary to return the promoted numeric type value to the original numeric type value of the variable/field for the following types: byte, short, and char. If a variable/field is read as part of an expression the value is loaded prior to the increment.

Errors

If the variable/field is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

post_increment: ( variable | field ) '++';

Promotion

original	promoted	implicit
byte	int	byte
short	int	short
char	int	char
int	int
long	long
float	float
double	double
def	def

Examples

Post increment with different numeric types.

short i = 0; 
i++;         
long j = 1;  
long k;      
k = j++;

	declare `short i`; store `short 0` to `i`
	load from `i` → `short 0`; promote `short 0`: result `int`; add `int 0` and `int 1` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `short 1`; store `short 1` to `i`
	declare `long j`; implicit cast `int 1` to `long 1` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `j`
	declare `long k`; store default `long 0` to `k`
	load from `j` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `k`; add `long 1` and `long 1` → `long 2`; store `long 2` to `j`

Post increment with the def type.

def x = 1; 
x++;

	declare `def x`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `x`
	load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; add `int 1` and `int 1` → `int 2`; implicit cast `int 2` to `def`; store `def` to `x`

Post Decrement

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Use the post decrement operator '--' to DECREASE the value of a numeric type variable/field by 1. An extra implicit cast is necessary to return the promoted numeric type value to the original numeric type value of the variable/field for the following types: byte, short, and char. If a variable/field is read as part of an expression the value is loaded prior to the decrement.

Errors

If the variable/field is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

post_decrement: ( variable | field ) '--';

Promotion

original	promoted	implicit
byte	int	byte
short	int	short
char	int	char
int	int
long	long
float	float
double	double
def	def

Examples

Post decrement with different numeric types.

short i = 0; 
i--;         
long j = 1;  
long k;      
k = j--;

	declare `short i`; store `short 0` to `i`
	load from `i` → `short 0`; promote `short 0`: result `int`; subtract `int 1` from `int 0` → `int -1`; implicit cast `int -1` to `short -1`; store `short -1` to `i`
	declare `long j`; implicit cast `int 1` to `long 1` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `j`
	declare `long k`; store default `long 0` to `k`
	load from `j` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `k`; subtract `long 1` from `long 1` → `long 0`; store `long 0` to `j`

Post decrement with the def type.

def x = 1; 
x--;

	declare `def x`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `x`
	load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; subtract `int 1` from `int 1` → `int 0`; implicit cast `int 0` to `def`; store `def` to `x`

Pre Increment

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Use the pre increment operator '++' to INCREASE the value of a numeric type variable/field by 1. An extra implicit cast is necessary to return the promoted numeric type value to the original numeric type value of the variable/field for the following types: byte, short, and char. If a variable/field is read as part of an expression the value is loaded after the increment.

Errors

If the variable/field is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

pre_increment: '++' ( variable | field );

Promotion

original	promoted	implicit
byte	int	byte
short	int	short
char	int	char
int	int
long	long
float	float
double	double
def	def

Examples

Pre increment with different numeric types.

short i = 0; 
++i;         
long j = 1;  
long k;      
k = ++j;

	declare `short i`; store `short 0` to `i`
	load from `i` → `short 0`; promote `short 0`: result `int`; add `int 0` and `int 1` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `short 1`; store `short 1` to `i`
	declare `long j`; implicit cast `int 1` to `long 1` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `j`
	declare `long k`; store default `long 0` to `k`
	load from `j` → `long 1`; add `long 1` and `long 1` → `long 2`; store `long 2` to `j`; store `long 2` to `k`

Pre increment with the def type.

def x = 1; 
++x;

	declare `def x`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `x`
	load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; add `int 1` and `int 1` → `int 2`; implicit cast `int 2` to `def`; store `def` to `x`

Pre Decrement

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Use the pre decrement operator '--' to DECREASE the value of a numeric type variable/field by 1. An extra implicit cast is necessary to return the promoted numeric type value to the original numeric type value of the variable/field for the following types: byte, short, and char. If a variable/field is read as part of an expression the value is loaded after the decrement.

Errors

If the variable/field is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

pre_increment: '--' ( variable | field );

Promotion

original	promoted	implicit
byte	int	byte
short	int	short
char	int	char
int	int
long	long
float	float
double	double
def	def

Examples

Pre decrement with different numeric types.

short i = 0; 
--i;         
long j = 1;  
long k;      
k = --j;

	declare `short i`; store `short 0` to `i`
	load from `i` → `short 0`; promote `short 0`: result `int`; subtract `int 1` from `int 0` → `int -1`; implicit cast `int -1` to `short -1`; store `short -1` to `i`
	declare `long j`; implicit cast `int 1` to `long 1` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `j`
	declare `long k`; store default `long 0` to `k`
	load from `j` → `long 1`; subtract `long 1` from `long 1` → `long 0`; store `long 0` to `j` store `long 0` to `k`;

Pre decrement operator with the def type.

def x = 1; 
--x;

	declare `def x`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `x`
	load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; subtract `int 1` from `int 1` → `int 0`; implicit cast `int 0` to `def`; store `def` to `x`

Unary Positive

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Use the unary positive operator '+' to the preserve the IDENTITY of a numeric type value.

Errors

If the value is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

unary_positive: '+' expression;

Examples

Unary positive with different numeric types.
```
int x = +1;  
long y = +x; 
```
declare int x; identity int 1 → int 1; store int 1 to x

declare long y; load from x → int 1; identity int 1 → int 1; implicit cast int 1 to long 1 → long 1; store long 1 to y

Unary positive with the def type.

def z = +1; 
int i = +z;

	declare `def z`; identity `int 1` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def`; store `def` to `z`
	declare `int i`; load from `z` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; identity `int 1` → `int 1`; store `int 1` to `i`;

Unary Negative

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Use the unary negative operator '-' to NEGATE a numeric type value.

Errors

If the value is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

unary_negative: '-' expression;

Examples

Unary negative with different numeric types.
```
int x = -1;  
long y = -x; 
```
declare int x; negate int 1 → int -1; store int -1 to x

declare long y; load from x → int 1; negate int -1 → int 1; implicit cast int 1 to long 1 → long 1; store long 1 to y

Unary negative with the def type.

def z = -1; 
int i = -z;

	declare `def z`; negate `int 1` → `int -1`; implicit cast `int -1` to `def`; store `def` to `z`
	declare `int i`; load from `z` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int -1`; negate `int -1` → `int 1`; store `int 1` to `i`;

Bitwise Not

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Use the bitwise not operator '~' to NOT each bit in an integer type value where a 1-bit is flipped to a resultant 0-bit and a 0-bit is flipped to a resultant 1-bit.

Errors

If the value is a non-integer type.

Bits

original	result
1	0
0	1

Grammar

bitwise_not: '~' expression;

Promotion

original	promoted
byte	int
short	int
char	int
int	int
long	long
def	def

Examples

Bitwise not with different numeric types.

byte b = 1;  
int i = ~b;  
long l = ~i;

	declare `byte x`; store `byte 1` to b
	declare `int i`; load from `b` → `byte 1`; implicit cast `byte 1` to `int 1` → `int 1`; bitwise not `int 1` → `int -2`; store `int -2` to `i`
	declare `long l`; load from `i` → `int -2`; implicit cast `int -2` to `long -2` → `long -2`; bitwise not `long -2` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `l`

Bitwise not with the def type.

def d = 1;  
def e = ~d;

	declare `def d`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `d`;
	declare `def e`; load from `d` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1` → `int 1`; bitwise not `int 1` → `int -2`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `e`

Multiplication

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Use the multiplication operator '*' to MULTIPLY together two numeric type values. Rules for resultant overflow and NaN values follow the JVM specification.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

multiplication: expression '*' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	float	double	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	float	double	def
float	float	float	float	float	float	float	double	def
double	double	double	double	double	double	double	double	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Multiplication with different numeric types.

int i = 5*4;      
double d = i*7.0;

	declare `int i`; multiply `int 4` by `int 5` → `int 20`; store `int 20` in `i`
	declare `double d`; load from `int i` → `int 20`; promote `int 20` and `double 7.0`: result `double`; implicit cast `int 20` to `double 20.0` → `double 20.0`; multiply `double 20.0` by `double 7.0` → `double 140.0`; store `double 140.0` to `d`

Multiplication with the def type.

def x = 5*4; 
def y = x*2;

	declare `def x`; multiply `int 5` by `int 4` → `int 20`; implicit cast `int 20` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 20`; multiply `int 20` by `int 2` → `int 40`; implicit cast `int 40` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Division

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Use the division operator '/' to DIVIDE one numeric type value by another. Rules for NaN values and division by zero follow the JVM specification. Division with integer values drops the remainder of the resultant value.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-numeric type.
If a left-hand side integer type value is divided by a right-hand side integer type value of 0.

Grammar

division: expression '/' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	float	double	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	float	double	def
float	float	float	float	float	float	float	double	def
double	double	double	double	double	double	double	double	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Division with different numeric types.

int i = 29/4;     
double d = i/7.0;

	declare `int i`; divide `int 29` by `int 4` → `int 7`; store `int 7` in `i`
	declare `double d`; load from `int i` → `int 7`; promote `int 7` and `double 7.0`: result `double`; implicit cast `int 7` to `double 7.0` → `double 7.0`; divide `double 7.0` by `double 7.0` → `double 1.0`; store `double 1.0` to `d`

Division with the def type.

def x = 5/4; 
def y = x/2;

	declare `def x`; divide `int 5` by `int 4` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; divide `int 1` by `int 2` → `int 0`; implicit cast `int 0` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Remainder

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Use the remainder operator '%' to calculate the REMAINDER for division between two numeric type values. Rules for NaN values and division by zero follow the JVM specification.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

remainder: expression '%' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	float	double	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	float	double	def
float	float	float	float	float	float	float	double	def
double	double	double	double	double	double	double	double	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Remainder with different numeric types.

int i = 29%4;     
double d = i%7.0;

	declare `int i`; remainder `int 29` by `int 4` → `int 1`; store `int 7` in `i`
	declare `double d`; load from `int i` → `int 1`; promote `int 1` and `double 7.0`: result `double`; implicit cast `int 1` to `double 1.0` → `double 1.0`; remainder `double 1.0` by `double 7.0` → `double 1.0`; store `double 1.0` to `d`

Remainder with the def type.

def x = 5%4; 
def y = x%2;

	declare `def x`; remainder `int 5` by `int 4` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; remainder `int 1` by `int 2` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Addition

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Use the addition operator '+' to ADD together two numeric type values. Rules for resultant overflow and NaN values follow the JVM specification.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

addition: expression '+' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	float	double	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	float	double	def
float	float	float	float	float	float	float	double	def
double	double	double	double	double	double	double	double	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Addition operator with different numeric types.

int i = 29+4;     
double d = i+7.0;

	declare `int i`; add `int 29` and `int 4` → `int 33`; store `int 33` in `i`
	declare `double d`; load from `int i` → `int 33`; promote `int 33` and `double 7.0`: result `double`; implicit cast `int 33` to `double 33.0` → `double 33.0`; add `double 33.0` and `double 7.0` → `double 40.0`; store `double 40.0` to `d`

Addition with the def type.

def x = 5+4; 
def y = x+2;

	declare `def x`; add `int 5` and `int 4` → `int 9`; implicit cast `int 9` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 9`; add `int 9` and `int 2` → `int 11`; implicit cast `int 11` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Subtraction

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Use the subtraction operator '-' to SUBTRACT a right-hand side numeric type value from a left-hand side numeric type value. Rules for resultant overflow and NaN values follow the JVM specification.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-numeric type.

Grammar

subtraction: expression '-' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	float	double	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	float	double	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	float	double	def
float	float	float	float	float	float	float	double	def
double	double	double	double	double	double	double	double	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Subtraction with different numeric types.

int i = 29-4;     
double d = i-7.5;

	declare `int i`; subtract `int 4` from `int 29` → `int 25`; store `int 25` in `i`
	declare `double d` load from `int i` → `int 25`; promote `int 25` and `double 7.5`: result `double`; implicit cast `int 25` to `double 25.0` → `double 25.0`; subtract `double 33.0` by `double 7.5` → `double 25.5`; store `double 25.5` to `d`

Subtraction with the def type.

def x = 5-4; 
def y = x-2;

	declare `def x`; subtract `int 4` and `int 5` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 1`; subtract `int 2` from `int 1` → `int -1`; implicit cast `int -1` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Left Shift

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Use the left shift operator '<<' to SHIFT lower order bits to higher order bits in a left-hand side integer type value by the distance specified in a right-hand side integer type value.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-integer type.
If the right-hand side value cannot be cast to an int type.

Grammar

left_shift: expression '<<' expression;

Promotion

The left-hand side integer type value is promoted as specified in the table below. The right-hand side integer type value is always implicitly cast to an int type value and truncated to the number of bits of the promoted type value.

original	promoted
byte	int
short	int
char	int
int	int
long	long
def	def

Examples

Left shift with different integer types.

int i = 4 << 1;   
long l = i << 2L;

	declare `int i`; left shift `int 4` by `int 1` → `int 8`; store `int 8` in `i`
	declare `long l` load from `int i` → `int 8`; implicit cast `long 2` to `int 2` → `int 2`; left shift `int 8` by `int 2` → `int 32`; implicit cast `int 32` to `long 32` → `long 32`; store `long 32` to `l`

Left shift with the def type.

def x = 4 << 2; 
def y = x << 1;

	declare `def x`; left shift `int 4` by `int 2` → `int 16`; implicit cast `int 16` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 16`; left shift `int 16` by `int 1` → `int 32`; implicit cast `int 32` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Right Shift

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Use the right shift operator '>>' to SHIFT higher order bits to lower order bits in a left-hand side integer type value by the distance specified in a right-hand side integer type value. The highest order bit of the left-hand side integer type value is preserved.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-integer type.
If the right-hand side value cannot be cast to an int type.

Grammar

right_shift: expression '>>' expression;

Promotion

original	promoted
byte	int
short	int
char	int
int	int
long	long
def	def

Examples

Right shift with different integer types.

int i = 32 >> 1;  
long l = i >> 2L;

	declare `int i`; right shift `int 32` by `int 1` → `int 16`; store `int 16` in `i`
	declare `long l` load from `int i` → `int 16`; implicit cast `long 2` to `int 2` → `int 2`; right shift `int 16` by `int 2` → `int 4`; implicit cast `int 4` to `long 4` → `long 4`; store `long 4` to `l`

Right shift with the def type.

def x = 16 >> 2; 
def y = x >> 1;

	declare `def x`; right shift `int 16` by `int 2` → `int 4`; implicit cast `int 4` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 4`; right shift `int 4` by `int 1` → `int 2`; implicit cast `int 2` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Unsigned Right Shift

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Use the unsigned right shift operator '>>>' to SHIFT higher order bits to lower order bits in a left-hand side integer type value by the distance specified in a right-hand side type integer value. The highest order bit of the left-hand side integer type value is not preserved.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-integer type.
If the right-hand side value cannot be cast to an int type.

Grammar

unsigned_right_shift: expression '>>>' expression;

Promotion

original	promoted
byte	int
short	int
char	int
int	int
long	long
def	def

Examples

Unsigned right shift with different integer types.

int i = -1 >>> 29; 
long l = i >>> 2L;

	declare `int i`; unsigned right shift `int -1` by `int 29` → `int 7`; store `int 7` in `i`
	declare `long l` load from `int i` → `int 7`; implicit cast `long 2` to `int 2` → `int 2`; unsigned right shift `int 7` by `int 2` → `int 3`; implicit cast `int 3` to `long 3` → `long 3`; store `long 3` to `l`

Unsigned right shift with the def type.

def x = 16 >>> 2; 
def y = x >>> 1;

	declare `def x`; unsigned right shift `int 16` by `int 2` → `int 4`; implicit cast `int 4` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 4`; unsigned right shift `int 4` by `int 1` → `int 2`; implicit cast `int 2` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Bitwise And

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Use the bitwise and operator '&' to AND together each bit within two integer type values where if both bits at the same index are 1 the resultant bit is 1 and 0 otherwise.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-integer type.

Bits

	1	0
1	1	0
0	0	0

Grammar

bitwise_and: expression '&' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Bitwise and with different integer types.

int i = 5 & 6;   
long l = i & 5L;

	declare `int i`; bitwise and `int 5` and `int 6` → `int 4`; store `int 4` in `i`
	declare `long l` load from `int i` → `int 4`; promote `int 4` and `long 5`: result `long`; implicit cast `int 4` to `long 4` → `long 4`; bitwise and `long 4` and `long 5` → `long 4`; store `long 4` to `l`

Bitwise and with the def type.

def x = 15 & 6; 
def y = x & 5;

	declare `def x`; bitwise and `int 15` and `int 6` → `int 6`; implicit cast `int 6` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 6`; bitwise and `int 6` and `int 5` → `int 4`; implicit cast `int 4` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Bitwise Xor

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Use the bitwise xor operator '^' to XOR together each bit within two integer type values where if one bit is a 1 and the other bit is a 0 at the same index the resultant bit is 1 otherwise the resultant bit is 0.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-integer type.

Bits

The following table illustrates the resultant bit from the xoring of two bits.

	1	0
1	0	1
0	1	0

Grammar

bitwise_xor: expression '^' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Bitwise xor with different integer types.

int i = 5 ^ 6;   
long l = i ^ 5L;

	declare `int i`; bitwise xor `int 5` and `int 6` → `int 3`; store `int 3` in `i`
	declare `long l` load from `int i` → `int 4`; promote `int 3` and `long 5`: result `long`; implicit cast `int 3` to `long 3` → `long 3`; bitwise xor `long 3` and `long 5` → `long 6`; store `long 6` to `l`

Bitwise xor with the def type.

def x = 15 ^ 6; 
def y = x ^ 5;

	declare `def x`; bitwise xor `int 15` and `int 6` → `int 9`; implicit cast `int 9` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 9`; bitwise xor `int 9` and `int 5` → `int 12`; implicit cast `int 12` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

Bitwise Or

edit

Use the bitwise or operator '|' to OR together each bit within two integer type values where if at least one bit is a 1 at the same index the resultant bit is 1 otherwise the resultant bit is 0.

Errors

If either of the values is a non-integer type.

Bits

The following table illustrates the resultant bit from the oring of two bits.

	1	0
1	1	1
0	1	0

Grammar

bitwise_or: expression '|' expression;

Promotion

	byte	short	char	int	long	def
byte	int	int	int	int	long	def
short	int	int	int	int	long	def
char	int	int	int	int	long	def
int	int	int	int	int	long	def
long	long	long	long	long	long	def
def	def	def	def	def	def	def

Examples

Bitwise or with different integer types.

int i = 5 | 6;   
long l = i | 8L;

	declare `int i`; bitwise or `int 5` and `int 6` → `int 7`; store `int 7` in `i`
	declare `long l` load from `int i` → `int 7`; promote `int 7` and `long 8`: result `long`; implicit cast `int 7` to `long 7` → `long 7`; bitwise or `long 7` and `long 8` → `long 15`; store `long 15` to `l`

Bitwise or with the def type.

def x = 5 ^ 6; 
def y = x ^ 8;

	declare `def x`; bitwise or `int 5` and `int 6` → `int 7`; implicit cast `int 7` to `def` → `def`; store `def` in `x`
	declare `def y`; load from `x` → `def`; implicit cast `def` to `int 7`; bitwise or `int 7` and `int 8` → `int 15`; implicit cast `int 15` to `def` → `def`; store `def` to `y`

« Operators: General Operators: Boolean »

	declare `int x`; identity `int 1` → `int 1`; store `int 1` to `x`
	declare `long y`; load from `x` → `int 1`; identity `int 1` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `long 1` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `y`

	declare `int x`; negate `int 1` → `int -1`; store `int -1` to `x`
	declare `long y`; load from `x` → `int 1`; negate `int -1` → `int 1`; implicit cast `int 1` to `long 1` → `long 1`; store `long 1` to `y`