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Elastic Docs ›Elasticsearch Reference [5.4] ›Mapping ›Field datatypes

Date datatype

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Date datatype

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JSON doesn’t have a date datatype, so dates in Elasticsearch can either be:

  • strings containing formatted dates, e.g. "2015-01-01" or "2015/01/01 12:10:30".
  • a long number representing milliseconds-since-the-epoch.
  • an integer representing seconds-since-the-epoch.

Internally, dates are converted to UTC (if the time-zone is specified) and stored as a long number representing milliseconds-since-the-epoch.

Date formats can be customised, but if no format is specified then it uses the default:

"strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis"

This means that it will accept dates with optional timestamps, which conform to the formats supported by strict_date_optional_time or milliseconds-since-the-epoch.

For instance:

PUT my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "my_type": {
      "properties": {
        "date": {
          "type": "date" 
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my_index/my_type/1
{ "date": "2015-01-01" } 

PUT my_index/my_type/2
{ "date": "2015-01-01T12:10:30Z" } 

PUT my_index/my_type/3
{ "date": 1420070400001 } 

GET my_index/_search
{
  "sort": { "date": "asc"} 
}

The date field uses the default format.

This document uses a plain date.

This document includes a time.

This document uses milliseconds-since-the-epoch.

Note that the sort values that are returned are all in milliseconds-since-the-epoch.

Multiple date formats

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Multiple formats can be specified by separating them with || as a separator. Each format will be tried in turn until a matching format is found. The first format will be used to convert the milliseconds-since-the-epoch value back into a string.

PUT my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "my_type": {
      "properties": {
        "date": {
          "type":   "date",
          "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Parameters for date fields

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The following parameters are accepted by date fields:

boost

Mapping field-level query time boosting. Accepts a floating point number, defaults to 1.0.

doc_values

Should the field be stored on disk in a column-stride fashion, so that it can later be used for sorting, aggregations, or scripting? Accepts true (default) or false.

format

The date format(s) that can be parsed. Defaults to strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis.

locale

The locale to use when parsing dates since months do not have the same names and/or abbreviations in all languages. The default is the ROOT locale,

ignore_malformed

If true, malformed numbers are ignored. If false (default), malformed numbers throw an exception and reject the whole document.

include_in_all

Whether or not the field value should be included in the _all field? Accepts true or false. Defaults to false if index is set to false, or if a parent object field sets include_in_all to false. Otherwise defaults to true.

index

Should the field be searchable? Accepts true (default) and false.

null_value

Accepts a date value in one of the configured format's as the field which is substituted for any explicit null values. Defaults to null, which means the field is treated as missing.

store

Whether the field value should be stored and retrievable separately from the _source field. Accepts true or false (default).

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