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Elastic Docs ›Elasticsearch Guide [7.13] ›Mapping ›Field data types

Geo-point field type

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Geo-point field type

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Fields of type geo_point accept latitude-longitude pairs, which can be used:

There are five ways that a geo-point may be specified, as demonstrated below:

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "location": {
        "type": "geo_point"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "text": "Geo-point as an object",
  "location": { 
    "lat": 41.12,
    "lon": -71.34
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/2
{
  "text": "Geo-point as a string",
  "location": "41.12,-71.34" 
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/3
{
  "text": "Geo-point as a geohash",
  "location": "drm3btev3e86" 
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/4
{
  "text": "Geo-point as an array",
  "location": [ -71.34, 41.12 ] 
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/5
{
  "text": "Geo-point as a WKT POINT primitive",
  "location" : "POINT (-71.34 41.12)" 
}

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "geo_bounding_box": { 
      "location": {
        "top_left": {
          "lat": 42,
          "lon": -72
        },
        "bottom_right": {
          "lat": 40,
          "lon": -74
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Geo-point expressed as an object, with lat and lon keys.

Geo-point expressed as a string with the format: "lat,lon".

Geo-point expressed as a geohash.

Geo-point expressed as an array with the format: [ lon, lat]

Geo-point expressed as a Well-Known Text POINT with the format: "POINT(lon lat)"

A geo-bounding box query which finds all geo-points that fall inside the box.

Geo-points expressed as an array or string

Please note that string geo-points are ordered as lat,lon, while array geo-points are ordered as the reverse: lon,lat.

Originally, lat,lon was used for both array and string, but the array format was changed early on to conform to the format used by GeoJSON.

A point can be expressed as a geohash. Geohashes are base32 encoded strings of the bits of the latitude and longitude interleaved. Each character in a geohash adds additional 5 bits to the precision. So the longer the hash, the more precise it is. For the indexing purposed geohashs are translated into latitude-longitude pairs. During this process only first 12 characters are used, so specifying more than 12 characters in a geohash doesn’t increase the precision. The 12 characters provide 60 bits, which should reduce a possible error to less than 2cm.

Parameters for geo_point fields

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The following parameters are accepted by geo_point fields:

ignore_malformed

If true, malformed geo-points are ignored. If false (default), malformed geo-points throw an exception and reject the whole document. A geo-point is considered malformed if its latitude is outside the range -90 ⇐ latitude ⇐ 90, or if its longitude is outside the range -180 ⇐ longitude ⇐ 180. Note that this cannot be set if the script parameter is used.

ignore_z_value

If true (default) three dimension points will be accepted (stored in source) but only latitude and longitude values will be indexed; the third dimension is ignored. If false, geo-points containing any more than latitude and longitude (two dimensions) values throw an exception and reject the whole document. Note that this cannot be set if the script parameter is used.

index

Should the field be searchable? Accepts true (default) and false.

null_value

Accepts an geopoint value which is substituted for any explicit null values. Defaults to null, which means the field is treated as missing. Note that this cannot be set if the script parameter is used.

on_script_error

Defines what to do if the script defined by the script parameter throws an error at indexing time. Accepts fail (default), which will cause the entire document to be rejected, and continue, which will register the field in the document’s _ignored metadata field and continue indexing. This parameter can only be set if the script field is also set.

script

If this parameter is set, then the field will index values generated by this script, rather than reading the values directly from the source. If a value is set for this field on the input document, then the document will be rejected with an error. Scripts are in the same format as their runtime equivalent, and should emit points as a pair of (lat, lon) double values.

Using geo-points in scripts

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When accessing the value of a geo-point in a script, the value is returned as a GeoPoint object, which allows access to the .lat and .lon values respectively:

def geopoint = doc['location'].value;
def lat      = geopoint.lat;
def lon      = geopoint.lon;

For performance reasons, it is better to access the lat/lon values directly:

def lat      = doc['location'].lat;
def lon      = doc['location'].lon;
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