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Transport

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Transport

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REST clients send requests to your Elasticsearch cluster over HTTP, but the node that receives a client request cannot always handle it alone and must normally pass it on to other nodes for further processing. It does this using the transport networking layer. The transport layer is used for all internal communication between nodes within a cluster, all communication with the nodes of a remote cluster, and also by the TransportClient in the Elasticsearch Java API.

Transport settings

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The internal transport communicates over TCP. You can configure it with the following settings:

transport.port: (Static) A bind port range. Defaults to 9300-9400.
transport.publish_port: (Static) The port that other nodes in the cluster should use when communicating with this node. Useful when a cluster node is behind a proxy or firewall and the transport.port is not directly addressable from the outside. Defaults to the actual port assigned via transport.port.
transport.bind_host: (Static) The host address to bind the transport service to. Defaults to transport.host (if set) or network.bind_host.
transport.publish_host: (Static) The host address to publish for nodes in the cluster to connect to. Defaults to transport.host (if set) or network.publish_host.
transport.host: (Static) Used to set the transport.bind_host and the transport.publish_host.
transport.connect_timeout: (Static) The connect timeout for initiating a new connection (in time setting format). Defaults to 30s.
transport.compress: (Static) Set to true to enable compression (DEFLATE) between all nodes. Defaults to false.
transport.ping_schedule: (Static) Schedule a regular application-level ping message to ensure that transport connections between nodes are kept alive. Defaults to 5s in the transport client and -1 (disabled) elsewhere. It is preferable to correctly configure TCP keep-alives instead of using this feature, because TCP keep-alives apply to all kinds of long-lived connections and not just to transport connections.

It also uses the common network settings.

Transport profiles

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Elasticsearch allows you to bind to multiple ports on different interfaces by the use of transport profiles. See this example configuration

transport.profiles.default.port: 9300-9400
transport.profiles.default.bind_host: 10.0.0.1
transport.profiles.client.port: 9500-9600
transport.profiles.client.bind_host: 192.168.0.1
transport.profiles.dmz.port: 9700-9800
transport.profiles.dmz.bind_host: 172.16.1.2

The default profile is special. It is used as a fallback for any other profiles, if those do not have a specific configuration setting set, and is how this node connects to other nodes in the cluster.

The following parameters can be configured on each transport profile, as in the example above:

port: The port to bind to
bind_host: The host to bind
publish_host: The host which is published in informational APIs
tcp.no_delay: Configures the TCP_NO_DELAY option for this socket
tcp.keep_alive: Configures the SO_KEEPALIVE option for this socket
tcp.keep_idle: Configures the TCP_KEEPIDLE option for this socket, which determines the time in seconds that a connection must be idle before starting to send TCP keepalive probes. Only applicable on Linux and Mac, and requires JDK 11 or newer. Defaults to -1, which does not set this option at the socket level, but uses default system configuration instead.
tcp.keep_interval: Configures the TCP_KEEPINTVL option for this socket, which determines the time in seconds between sending TCP keepalive probes. Only applicable on Linux and Mac, and requires JDK 11 or newer. Defaults to -1, which does not set this option at the socket level, but uses default system configuration instead.
tcp.keep_count: Configures the TCP_KEEPCNT option for this socket, which determines the number of unacknowledged TCP keepalive probes that may be sent on a connection before it is dropped. Only applicable on Linux and Mac, and requires JDK 11 or newer. Defaults to -1, which does not set this option at the socket level, but uses default system configuration instead.
tcp.reuse_address: Configures the SO_REUSEADDR option for this socket
tcp.send_buffer_size: Configures the send buffer size of the socket
tcp.receive_buffer_size: Configures the receive buffer size of the socket

Long-lived idle connections

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A transport connection between two nodes is made up of a number of long-lived TCP connections, some of which may be idle for an extended period of time. Nonetheless, Elasticsearch requires these connections to remain open, and it can disrupt the operation of your cluster if any inter-node connections are closed by an external influence such as a firewall. It is important to configure your network to preserve long-lived idle connections between Elasticsearch nodes, for instance by leaving tcp.keep_alive enabled and ensuring that the keepalive interval is shorter than any timeout that might cause idle connections to be closed, or by setting transport.ping_schedule if keepalives cannot be configured. Devices which drop connections when they reach a certain age are a common source of problems to Elasticsearch clusters, and must not be used.

Request compression

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By default, the transport.compress setting is false and network-level request compression is disabled between nodes in the cluster. This default normally makes sense for local cluster communication as compression has a noticeable CPU cost and local clusters tend to be set up with fast network connections between nodes.

The transport.compress setting always configures local cluster request compression and is the fallback setting for remote cluster request compression. If you want to configure remote request compression differently than local request compression, you can set it on a per-remote cluster basis using the cluster.remote.${cluster_alias}.transport.compress setting.

Response compression

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The compression settings do not configure compression for responses. Elasticsearch will compress a response if the inbound request was compressed—even when compression is not enabled. Similarly, Elasticsearch will not compress a response if the inbound request was uncompressed—even when compression is enabled.

Transport tracer

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The transport layer has a dedicated tracer logger which, when activated, logs incoming and out going requests. The log can be dynamically activated by setting the level of the org.elasticsearch.transport.TransportService.tracer logger to TRACE:

PUT _cluster/settings
{
   "transient" : {
      "logger.org.elasticsearch.transport.TransportService.tracer" : "TRACE"
   }
}

You can also control which actions will be traced, using a set of include and exclude wildcard patterns. By default every request will be traced except for fault detection pings:

PUT _cluster/settings
{
   "transient" : {
      "transport.tracer.include" : "*",
      "transport.tracer.exclude" : "internal:coordination/fault_detection/*"
   }
}

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