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Elastic Docs ›Elasticsearch Guide [8.11] ›Mapping ›Field data types

IP field type

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IP field type

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An ip field can index/store either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.

response = client.indices.create(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  body: {
    mappings: {
      properties: {
        ip_addr: {
          type: 'ip'
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response

response = client.index(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  id: 1,
  body: {
    ip_addr: '192.168.1.1'
  }
)
puts response

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  body: {
    query: {
      term: {
        ip_addr: '192.168.0.0/16'
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "ip_addr": {
        "type": "ip"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "ip_addr": "192.168.1.1"
}

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "ip_addr": "192.168.0.0/16"
    }
  }
}

You can also store ip ranges in a single field using an ip_range data type.

Parameters for ip fields

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The following parameters are accepted by ip fields:

doc_values
Should the field be stored on disk in a column-stride fashion, so that it can later be used for sorting, aggregations, or scripting? Accepts true (default) or false.
ignore_malformed
If true, malformed IP addresses are ignored. If false (default), malformed IP addresses throw an exception and reject the whole document. Note that this cannot be set if the script parameter is used.
index
Should the field be quickly searchable? Accepts true (default) and false. Fields that only have doc_values enabled can still be queried using term or range-based queries, albeit slower.
null_value
Accepts an IPv4 or IPv6 value which is substituted for any explicit null values. Defaults to null, which means the field is treated as missing. Note that this cannot be set if the script parameter is used.
on_script_error
Defines what to do if the script defined by the script parameter throws an error at indexing time. Accepts reject (default), which will cause the entire document to be rejected, and ignore, which will register the field in the document’s _ignored metadata field and continue indexing. This parameter can only be set if the script field is also set.
script
If this parameter is set, then the field will index values generated by this script, rather than reading the values directly from the source. If a value is set for this field on the input document, then the document will be rejected with an error. Scripts are in the same format as their runtime equivalent, and should emit strings containing IPv4 or IPv6 formatted addresses.
store
Whether the field value should be stored and retrievable separately from the _source field. Accepts true or false (default).
time_series_dimension

(Optional, Boolean)

Marks the field as a time series dimension. Defaults to false.

The index.mapping.dimension_fields.limit index setting limits the number of dimensions in an index.

Dimension fields have the following constraints:

  • The doc_values and index mapping parameters must be true.
  • Field values cannot be an array or multi-value.

Querying ip fields

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The most common way to query ip addresses is to use the CIDR notation: [ip_address]/[prefix_length]. For instance:

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  body: {
    query: {
      term: {
        ip_addr: '192.168.0.0/16'
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "ip_addr": "192.168.0.0/16"
    }
  }
}

or

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  body: {
    query: {
      term: {
        ip_addr: '2001:db8::/48'
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "ip_addr": "2001:db8::/48"
    }
  }
}

Also beware that colons are special characters to the query_string query, so ipv6 addresses will need to be escaped. The easiest way to do so is to put quotes around the searched value:

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  body: {
    query: {
      query_string: {
        query: 'ip_addr:"2001:db8::/48"'
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string" : {
      "query": "ip_addr:\"2001:db8::/48\""
    }
  }
}

Synthetic _source

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Synthetic _source is Generally Available only for TSDB indices (indices that have index.mode set to time_series). For other indices synthetic _source is in technical preview. Features in technical preview may be changed or removed in a future release. Elastic will work to fix any issues, but features in technical preview are not subject to the support SLA of official GA features.

ip fields support synthetic _source in their default configuration. Synthetic _source cannot be used together with copy_to or with doc_values disabled.

Synthetic source always sorts ip fields and removes duplicates. For example:

response = client.indices.create(
  index: 'idx',
  body: {
    mappings: {
      _source: {
        mode: 'synthetic'
      },
      properties: {
        ip: {
          type: 'ip'
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response

response = client.index(
  index: 'idx',
  id: 1,
  body: {
    ip: [
      '192.168.0.1',
      '192.168.0.1',
      '10.10.12.123',
      '2001:db8::1:0:0:1',
      '::afff:4567:890a'
    ]
  }
)
puts response
PUT idx
{
  "mappings": {
    "_source": { "mode": "synthetic" },
    "properties": {
      "ip": { "type": "ip" }
    }
  }
}
PUT idx/_doc/1
{
  "ip": ["192.168.0.1", "192.168.0.1", "10.10.12.123",
         "2001:db8::1:0:0:1", "::afff:4567:890a"]
}

Will become:

{
  "ip": ["::afff:4567:890a", "10.10.12.123", "192.168.0.1", "2001:db8::1:0:0:1"]
}

IPv4 addresses are sorted as though they were IPv6 addresses prefixed by ::ffff:0:0:0/96 as specified by rfc6144.

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