- Elasticsearch Guide: other versions:
- What’s new in 8.17
- Elasticsearch basics
- Quick starts
- Set up Elasticsearch
- Run Elasticsearch locally
- Installing Elasticsearch
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analyzer
coerce
copy_to
doc_values
dynamic
eager_global_ordinals
enabled
format
ignore_above
index.mapping.ignore_above
ignore_malformed
index
index_options
index_phrases
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fields
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norms
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store
subobjects
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- Overview
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- Connectors
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- Overview
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- System Functions
- Reserved keywords
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- Data management
- ILM: Manage the index lifecycle
- Tutorial: Customize built-in policies
- Tutorial: Automate rollover
- Index management in Kibana
- Overview
- Concepts
- Index lifecycle actions
- Configure a lifecycle policy
- Migrate index allocation filters to node roles
- Troubleshooting index lifecycle management errors
- Start and stop index lifecycle management
- Manage existing indices
- Skip rollover
- Restore a managed data stream or index
- Data tiers
- Autoscaling
- Monitor a cluster
- Roll up or transform your data
- Set up a cluster for high availability
- Snapshot and restore
- Secure the Elastic Stack
- Elasticsearch security principles
- Start the Elastic Stack with security enabled automatically
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- Updating node security certificates
- User authentication
- Built-in users
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- User profiles
- Realms
- Realm chains
- Security domains
- Active Directory user authentication
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- PKI user authentication
- SAML authentication
- Kerberos authentication
- JWT authentication
- Integrating with other authentication systems
- Enabling anonymous access
- Looking up users without authentication
- Controlling the user cache
- Configuring SAML single-sign-on on the Elastic Stack
- Configuring single sign-on to the Elastic Stack using OpenID Connect
- User authorization
- Built-in roles
- Defining roles
- Role restriction
- Security privileges
- Document level security
- Field level security
- Granting privileges for data streams and aliases
- Mapping users and groups to roles
- Setting up field and document level security
- Submitting requests on behalf of other users
- Configuring authorization delegation
- Customizing roles and authorization
- Enable audit logging
- Restricting connections with IP filtering
- Securing clients and integrations
- Operator privileges
- Troubleshooting
- Some settings are not returned via the nodes settings API
- Authorization exceptions
- Users command fails due to extra arguments
- Users are frequently locked out of Active Directory
- Certificate verification fails for curl on Mac
- SSLHandshakeException causes connections to fail
- Common SSL/TLS exceptions
- Common Kerberos exceptions
- Common SAML issues
- Internal Server Error in Kibana
- Setup-passwords command fails due to connection failure
- Failures due to relocation of the configuration files
- Limitations
- Watcher
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- REST APIs
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- REST API compatibility
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- Behavioral Analytics APIs
- Compact and aligned text (CAT) APIs
- cat aliases
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- Cluster APIs
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- Exists
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- Inference APIs
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- AlibabaCloud AI Search inference service
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- Info API
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- Create data frame analytics jobs
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- Authenticate
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- Definitions
- Command line tools
- elasticsearch-certgen
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- elasticsearch-reset-password
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- elasticsearch-users
- Optimizations
- Troubleshooting
- Fix common cluster issues
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- Add a missing tier to the system
- Allow Elasticsearch to allocate the data in the system
- Allow Elasticsearch to allocate the index
- Indices mix index allocation filters with data tiers node roles to move through data tiers
- Not enough nodes to allocate all shard replicas
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- Troubleshooting corruption
- Fix data nodes out of disk
- Fix master nodes out of disk
- Fix other role nodes out of disk
- Start index lifecycle management
- Start Snapshot Lifecycle Management
- Restore from snapshot
- Troubleshooting broken repositories
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- Troubleshooting an unstable cluster
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- Troubleshooting transforms
- Troubleshooting Watcher
- Troubleshooting searches
- Troubleshooting shards capacity health issues
- Troubleshooting an unbalanced cluster
- Capture diagnostics
- Migration guide
- Release notes
- Elasticsearch version 8.17.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.17.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.16.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.16.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.16.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.15.5
- Elasticsearch version 8.15.4
- Elasticsearch version 8.15.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.15.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.15.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.15.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.14.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.14.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.14.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.14.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.13.4
- Elasticsearch version 8.13.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.13.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.13.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.13.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.12.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.12.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.12.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.11.4
- Elasticsearch version 8.11.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.11.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.11.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.11.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.4
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.9.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.9.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.9.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.8.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.8.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.8.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.7.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.7.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.6.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.6.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.6.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-rc2
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-rc1
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-beta1
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-alpha2
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-alpha1
- Dependencies and versions
Set up basic security for the Elastic Stack
editSet up basic security for the Elastic Stack
editWhen you start Elasticsearch for the first time, passwords are generated for the elastic
user and TLS is automatically configured for you. If you configure security
manually before starting your Elasticsearch nodes, the auto-configuration process will
respect your security configuration. You can adjust your TLS configuration at
any time, such as updating node certificates.
If your cluster has multiple nodes, then you must configure TLS between nodes. Production mode clusters will not start if you do not enable TLS.
The transport layer relies on mutual TLS for both encryption and authentication of nodes. Correctly applying TLS ensures that a malicious node cannot join the cluster and exchange data with other nodes. While implementing username and password authentication at the HTTP layer is useful for securing a local cluster, the security of communication between nodes requires TLS.
Configuring TLS between nodes is the basic security setup to prevent unauthorized nodes from accessing to your cluster.
Generate the certificate authority
editYou can add as many nodes as you want in a cluster but they must be able to communicate with each other. The communication between nodes in a cluster is handled by the transport module. To secure your cluster, you must ensure that internode communications are encrypted and verified, which is achieved with mutual TLS.
In a secured cluster, Elasticsearch nodes use certificates to identify themselves when communicating with other nodes.
The cluster must validate the authenticity of these certificates. The recommended approach is to trust a specific certificate authority (CA). When nodes are added to your cluster they must use a certificate signed by the same CA.
For the transport layer, we recommend using a separate, dedicated CA instead
of an existing, possibly shared CA so that node membership is tightly controlled. Use the elasticsearch-certutil
tool to
generate a CA for your cluster.
-
Before starting Elasticsearch, use the
elasticsearch-certutil
tool on any single node to generate a CA for your cluster../bin/elasticsearch-certutil ca
-
When prompted, accept the default file name, which is
elastic-stack-ca.p12
. This file contains the public certificate for your CA and the private key used to sign certificates for each node. - Enter a password for your CA. You can choose to leave the password blank if you’re not deploying to a production environment.
-
When prompted, accept the default file name, which is
-
On any single node, generate a certificate and private key for the nodes in your cluster. You include the
elastic-stack-ca.p12
output file that you generated in the previous step../bin/elasticsearch-certutil cert --ca elastic-stack-ca.p12
-
--ca <ca_file>
-
Name of the CA file used to sign your certificates. The default file name from the
elasticsearch-certutil
tool iselastic-stack-ca.p12
.- Enter the password for your CA, or press Enter if you did not configure one in the previous step.
-
Create a password for the certificate and accept the default file name.
The output file is a keystore named
elastic-certificates.p12
. This file contains a node certificate, node key, and CA certificate.
-
-
On every node in your cluster, copy the
elastic-certificates.p12
file to the$ES_PATH_CONF
directory.
Encrypt internode communications with TLS
editThe transport networking layer is used for internal communication between nodes in a cluster. When security features are enabled, you must use TLS to ensure that communication between the nodes is encrypted.
Now that you’ve generated a certificate authority and certificates, you’ll update your cluster to use these files.
Elasticsearch monitors all files such as certificates, keys, keystores, or
truststores that are configured as values of TLS-related node settings. If
you update any of these files, such as when your hostnames change or your
certificates are due to expire, Elasticsearch reloads them. The files are polled for
changes at a frequency determined by the global Elasticsearch
resource.reload.interval.high
setting, which defaults to 5 seconds.
Complete the following steps for each node in your cluster. To join the
same cluster, all nodes must share the same cluster.name
value.
-
Open the
$ES_PATH_CONF/elasticsearch.yml
file and make the following changes:-
Add the
cluster-name
setting and enter a name for your cluster:cluster.name: my-cluster
-
Add the
node.name
setting and enter a name for the node. The node name defaults to the hostname of the machine when Elasticsearch starts.node.name: node-1
-
Add the following settings to enable internode communication and provide access to the node’s certificate.
Because you are using the same
elastic-certificates.p12
file on every node in your cluster, set the verification mode tocertificate
:xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled: true xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode: certificate xpack.security.transport.ssl.client_authentication: required xpack.security.transport.ssl.keystore.path: elastic-certificates.p12 xpack.security.transport.ssl.truststore.path: elastic-certificates.p12
If you want to use hostname verification, set the verification mode to
full
. You should generate a different certificate for each host that matches the DNS or IP address. See thexpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode
parameter in TLS settings.
-
-
If you entered a password when creating the node certificate, run the following commands to store the password in the Elasticsearch keystore:
./bin/elasticsearch-keystore add xpack.security.transport.ssl.keystore.secure_password
./bin/elasticsearch-keystore add xpack.security.transport.ssl.truststore.secure_password
- Complete the previous steps for each node in your cluster.
-
On every node in your cluster, start Elasticsearch. The method for starting and stopping Elasticsearch varies depending on how you installed it.
For example, if you installed Elasticsearch with an archive distribution (
tar.gz
or.zip
), you can enterCtrl+C
on the command line to stop Elasticsearch.You must perform a full cluster restart. Nodes that are configured to use TLS for transport cannot communicate with nodes that use unencrypted transport connection (and vice-versa).
What’s next?
editCongratulations! You’ve encrypted communications between the nodes in your cluster and can pass the TLS bootstrap check.
To add another layer of security, Set up basic security for the Elastic Stack plus secured HTTPS traffic. In addition to configuring TLS on the transport interface of your Elasticsearch cluster, you configure TLS on the HTTP interface for both Elasticsearch and Kibana.