Creating a New Filebeat Module

This guide will walk you through creating a new Filebeat module.

All Filebeat modules currently live in the main Beats repository. To clone the repository and build Filebeat (which you will need for testing), please follow the general instructions in Contributing to Beats.

Each Filebeat module is composed of one or more "filesets". We usually create a module for each service that we support (nginx for Nginx, mysql for Mysql, and so on) and a fileset for each type of log that the service creates. For example, the Nginx module has access and error filesets. You can contribute a new module (with at least one fileset), or a new fileset for an existing module.

Run the following command in the filebeat folder:

make create-module MODULE={module}

After running the make create-module command, you’ll find the module, along with its generated files, under module/{module}. This directory contains the following files:

module/{module}
├── module.yml
└── _meta
    └── docs.asciidoc
    └── fields.yml
    └── kibana

Let’s look at these files one by one.

This file contains list of all the dashboards available for the module and used by export_dashboards.go script for exporting dashboards. Each dashboard is defined by an id and the name of json file where the dashboard is saved locally. At generation new fileset this file will be automatically updated with "default" dashboard settings for new fileset. Please ensure that this settings are correct.

This file contains module-specific documentation. You should include information about which versions of the service were tested and the variables that are defined in each fileset.

The module level fields.yml contains descriptions for the module-level fields. Please review and update the title and the descriptions in this file. The title is used as a title in the docs, so it’s best to capitalize it.

This folder contains the sample Kibana dashboards for this module. To create them, you can build them visually in Kibana and then export them with export_dashboards.

The tool will export all of the dashboard dependencies (visualizations, saved searches) automatically.

You can see various ways of using export_dashboards at Exporting New and Modified Beat Dashboards. The recommended way to export them is to list your dashboards in your module’s module.yml file:

dashboards:
- id: 69f5ae20-eb02-11e7-8f04-beef1daadb05
  file: mymodule-overview.json
- id: c0a7ce90-cafe-4242-8647-534bb4c21040
  file: mymodule-errors.json

Then run export_dashboards like this:

$ cd dev-tools/cmd/dashboards
$ make # if export_dashboard is not built yet
$ ./export_dashboards -yml '../../../filebeat/module/{module}/module.yml'

New Filebeat modules might not be compatible with Kibana 5.x. To export dashboards that are compatible with 5.x, run the following command inside the developer virtualenv:

$ cd filebeat
$ make python-env
$ cd module/{module}/
$ python ../../../dev-tools/export_5x_dashboards.py --regex {module} --dir _meta/kibana/5.x

Where the --regex parameter should match the dashboard you want to export.

Please note that dashboards exported from Kibana 5.x are not compatible with Kibana 6.x.

You can find more details about the process of creating and exporting the Kibana dashboards by reading this guide.

Run the following command in the filebeat folder:

make create-fileset MODULE={module} FILESET={fileset}

After running the make create-fileset command, you’ll find the fileset, along with its generated files, under module/{module}/{fileset}. This directory contains the following files:

module/{module}/{fileset}
├── manifest.yml
├── config
│   └── {fileset}.yml
├── ingest
│   └── pipeline.json
├── _meta
│   └── fields.yml
│   └── kibana
│       └── default
└── test

Let’s look at these files one by one.

The manifest.yml is the control file for the module, where variables are defined and the other files are referenced. It is a YAML file, but in many places in the file, you can use built-in or defined variables by using the {{.variable}} syntax.

The var section of the file defines the fileset variables and their default values. The module variables can be referenced in other configuration files, and their value can be overridden at runtime by the Filebeat configuration.

As the fileset creator, you can use any names for the variables you define. Each variable must have a default value. So in it’s simplest form, this is how you can define a new variable:

var:
  - name: pipeline
    default: with_plugins

Most fileset should have a paths variable defined, which sets the default paths where the log files are located:

var:
  - name: paths
    default:
      - /example/test.log*
    os.darwin:
      - /usr/local/example/test.log*
      - /example/test.log*
    os.windows:
      - c:/programdata/example/logs/test.log*

There’s quite a lot going on in this file, so let’s break it down:

Besides the variable definition, the manifest.yml file also contains references to the ingest pipeline and input configuration to use (see next sections):

ingest_pipeline: ingest/pipeline.json
input: config/testfileset.yml

These should point to the respective files from the fileset.

Note that when evaluating the contents of these files, the variables are expanded, which enables you to select one file or the other depending on the value of a variable. For example:

ingest_pipeline: ingest/{{.pipeline}}.json

This example selects the ingest pipeline file based on the value of the pipeline variable. For the pipeline variable shown earlier, the path would resolve to ingest/with_plugins.json (assuming the variable value isn’t overridden at runtime.)

In 6.6 and later, you can specify multiple ingest pipelines.

ingest_pipeline:
  - ingest/main.json
  - ingest/plain_logs.json
  - ingest/json_logs.json

When multiple ingest pipelines are specified the first one in the list is considered to be the entry point pipeline.

One reason for using multiple pipelines might be to send all logs harvested by this fileset to the entry point pipeline and have it delegate different parts of the processing to other pipelines. You can read details about setting this up in the ingest/*.json section.

The config/ folder contains template files that generate Filebeat input configurations. The Filebeat inputs are primarily responsible for tailing files, filtering, and multi-line stitching, so that’s what you configure in the template files.

A typical example looks like this:

type: log
paths:
{{ range $i, $path := .paths }}
 - {{$path}}
{{ end }}
exclude_files: [".gz$"]

You’ll find this example in the template file that gets generated automatically when you run make create-fileset. In this example, the paths variable is used to construct the paths list for the input paths option.

Any template files that you add to the config/ folder need to generate a valid Filebeat input configuration in YAML format. The options accepted by the input configuration are documented in the Filebeat Inputs section of the Filebeat documentation.

The template files use the templating language defined by the Go standard library.

Here is another example that also configures multiline stitching:

type: log
paths:
{{ range $i, $path := .paths }}
 - {{$path}}
{{ end }}
exclude_files: [".gz$"]
multiline:
  pattern: "^# User@Host: "
  negate: true
  match: after

Although you can add multiple configuration files under the config/ folder, only the file indicated by the manifest.yml file will be loaded. You can use variables to dynamically switch between configurations.

The ingest/ folder contains Elasticsearch Ingest Node pipeline configurations. The Ingest Node pipelines are responsible for parsing the log lines and doing other manipulations on the data.

The files in this folder are JSON or YAML documents representing pipeline definitions. Just like with the config/ folder, you can define multiple pipelines, but a single one is loaded at runtime based on the information from manifest.yml.

The generator creates a JSON object similar to this one:

{
  "description": "Pipeline for parsing {module} {fileset} logs",
  "processors": [
    ],
  "on_failure" : [{
    "set" : {
      "field" : "error.message",
      "value" : "{{ _ingest.on_failure_message }}"
    }
  }]
}

Alternatively, you can use YAML formatted pipelines, which uses a simpler syntax:

description: "Pipeline for parsing {module} {fileset} logs"
processors:
on_failure:
 - set:
     field: error.message
     value: "{{ _ingest.on_failure_message }}"

From here, you would typically add processors to the processors array to do the actual parsing. For details on how to use ingest node processors, see the ingest node documentation. In particular, you will likely find the Grok processor to be useful for parsing. Here is an example for parsing the Nginx access logs.

{
  "grok": {
    "field": "message",
    "patterns":[
      "%{IPORHOST:nginx.access.remote_ip} - %{DATA:nginx.access.user_name} \\[%{HTTPDATE:nginx.access.time}\\] \"%{WORD:nginx.access.method} %{DATA:nginx.access.url} HTTP/%{NUMBER:nginx.access.http_version}\" %{NUMBER:nginx.access.response_code} %{NUMBER:nginx.access.body_sent.bytes} \"%{DATA:nginx.access.referrer}\" \"%{DATA:nginx.access.agent}\""
      ],
    "ignore_missing": true
  }
}

Note that you should follow the convention of naming of fields prefixed with the module and fileset name: {module}.{fileset}.field, e.g. nginx.access.remote_ip. Also, please review our Naming Conventions.

In 6.6 and later, ingest pipelines can use the pipeline processor to delegate parts of the processings to other pipelines.

This can be useful if you want a fileset to ingest the same logical information presented in different formats, e.g. csv vs. json versions of the same log files. Imagine an entry point ingest pipeline that detects the format of a log entry and then conditionally delegates further processing of that log entry, depending on the format, to another pipeline.

{
  "processors": [
    {
      "grok": {
        "field": "message",
        "patterns": [
          "^%{CHAR:first_char}"
        ],
        "pattern_definitions": {
          "CHAR": "."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pipeline": {
        "if": "ctx.first_char == '{'",
        "name": "{< IngestPipeline "json-log-processing-pipeline" >}" 
      }
    },
    {
      "pipeline": {
        "if": "ctx.first_char != '{'",
        "name": "{< IngestPipeline "plain-log-processing-pipeline" >}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

In order for the above pipeline to work, Filebeat must load the entry point pipeline as well as any sub-pipelines into Elasticsearch. You can tell Filebeat to do so by specifying all the necessary pipelines for the fileset in its manifest.yml file. The first pipeline in the list is considered to be the entry point pipeline.

ingest_pipeline:
  - ingest/main.json
  - ingest/plain_logs.yml
  - ingest/json_logs.json

While developing the pipeline definition, we recommend making use of the Simulate Pipeline API for testing and quick iteration.

By default Filebeat does not update Ingest pipelines if already loaded. If you want to force updating your pipeline during development, use ./filebeat setup --pipelines command. This uploads pipelines even if they are already available on the node.

The fields.yml file contains the top-level structure for the fields in your fileset. It is used as the source of truth for:

Besides the fields.yml file in the fileset, there is also a fields.yml file at the module level, placed under module/{module}/_meta/fields.yml, which should contain the fields defined at the module level, and the description of the module itself. In most cases, you should add the fields at the fileset level.

After pipeline.json is created, it is possible to generate a base field.yml.

make create-fields MODULE={module} FILESET={fileset}

Please, always check the generated file and make sure the fields are correct. Documenatation of fields must be added manually.

If the fields are correct, it is time to generate documentation, configuration and Kibana index patterns.

make update

In the test/ directory, you should place sample log files generated by the service. We have integration tests, automatically executed by CI, that will run Filebeat on each of the log files under the test/ folder and check that there are no parsing errors and that all fields are documented.

In addition, assuming you have a test.log file, you can add a test.log-expected.json file in the same directory that contains the expected documents as they are found via an Elasticsearch search. In this case, the integration tests will automatically check that the result is the same on each run.