Variables and conditions in input configurations

When running Elastic Agent in some environments, you might not know all the input configuration details up front. To solve this problem, the input configuration accepts variables and conditions that get evaluated at runtime using information from the running environment. Similar to autodiscovery, these capabilities allow you to apply configurations dynamically.

Let’s consider a unique agent policy that is deployed on two machines: a Linux machine named "linux-app" and a Windows machine named "winapp". Notice that the configuration has some variable references: ${host.name} and ${host.platform}:

inputs:
 - type: logfile
   streams:
    - paths: /var/log/${host.name}/another.log
      condition: ${host.platform} == "linux"
    - path: c:/service/app.log
      condition: ${host.platform} == "windows"

At runtime, Elastic Agent resolves variables and evaluates the conditions based on values provided by the environment, generating two possible input configurations.

On the Windows machine:

inputs:
 - type: logfile
   streams:
    - path: c:/service/app.log

On the Linux machine:

inputs:
 - type: logfile
   streams:
    - paths: /var/log/linux-app/another.log

Using variable substitution along with conditions allows you to create concise, but flexible input configurations that adapt to their deployed environment.

The syntax for variable substitution is ${var}, where var is the name of a variable defined by a provider. A provider defines key/value pairs that are used for variable substitution and conditions.

Elastic Agent supports a variety of providers, such as host and local, that supply variables to Elastic Agent. For example, earlier you saw ${host.name} used to resolve the path to the host’s log file based on the {host.platform} value. Both of these values were provided by the host provider.

All providers are enabled by default when Elastic Agent starts. If a provider cannot be configured, its variables are ignored.

Refer to Providers for more detail.

The following agent policy uses a custom key named foo to resolve a value defined by a local provider:

inputs:
 - type: logfile
   streams:
    - paths: /var/log/${foo}/another.log

providers:
  local:
    vars:
      foo: bar

The policy generated by this configuration looks like this:

inputs:
 - type: logfile
   streams:
    - paths: /var/log/bar/another.log

When an input uses a variable substitution that is not present in the current key/value mappings being evaluated, the input is removed in the result.

For example, this agent policy uses an unknown key:

inputs:
  - type: logfile
    path: "/var/log/foo"
  - type: logfile
    path: "${ unknown.key }"

The policy generated by this configuration looks like this:

inputs:
  - type: logfile
    path: "/var/log/foo"

Variable substitution can also define alternative variables or a constant.

To define a constant, use either ' or ". When a constant is reached during variable evaluation, any remaining variables are ignored, so a constant should be the last entry in the substitution.

To define alternatives, use | followed by the next variable or constant. The power comes from allowing the input to define the preference order of the substitution by chaining multiple variables together.

For example, the following agent policy chains together multiple variables to set the log path based on information provided by the running container environment. The constant /var/log/other is used to end of the path, which is common to both providers:

inputs:
  - type: logfile
    path: "/var/log/foo"
  - type: logfile
    path: "${docker.paths.log|kubernetes.container.paths.log|'/var/log/other'}"

A condition is a boolean expression that you can specify in your agent policy to control whether a configuration is applied to the running Elastic Agent. You can set a condition on inputs, streams, or even processors.

In this example, the input is applied if the host platform is Linux:

inputs:
  - type: logfile
    streams:
      - paths:
         - /var/log/syslog
    condition: ${host.platform} == 'linux'

In this example, the stream is applied if the host platform is not Windows:

inputs:
  - type: system/metrics
    streams:
      - metricset: load
        data_stream.dataset: system.cpu
        condition: ${host.platform} != 'windows'

In this example, the processor is applied if the host platform is not Windows:

inputs:
  - type: system/metrics
    streams:
      - metricset: load
        data_stream.dataset: system.cpu
    processors:
      - add_fields:
          fields:
            platform: ${host.platform}
          to: host
        condition: ${host.platform} != 'windows'

The conditions supported by Elastic Agent are based on EQL's boolean syntax, but add support for variables from providers and functions to manipulate the values.

Supported operators:

Functions:

Types:

Run only when a specific label is included.

arrayContains(${docker.labels}, 'monitor')

Skip on Linux platform or macOS.

${host.platform} != "linux" and ${host.platform} != "darwin"

Run only for specific labels.

arrayContains(${docker.labels}, 'monitor') or arrayContains(${docker.label}, 'production')

The condition syntax supports the following functions.

add(Number, Number) Number

Usage:

add(1, 2) == 3
add(5, ${foo}) >= 5

arrayContains(Array, String) Boolean

Usage:

arrayContains(${docker.labels}, 'monitor')

concat(String, String) String

Usage:

concat("foo", "bar") == "foobar"
concat(${var1}, ${var2}) != "foobar"

divide(Number, Number) Number

Usage:

divide(25, 5) > 0
divide(${var1}, ${var2}) > 7

endsWith(String, String) Boolean

Usage:

endsWith("hello world", "hello") == true
endsWith(${var1}, "hello") != true

hasKey(Dictionary, String) Boolean

Usage:

hasKey(${host}, "platform")

indexOf(String, String, Number?) Number

Usage:

indexOf("hello", "llo") == 2
indexOf(${var1}, "hello") >= 0

length(Array|Dictionary|string)

Usage:

length("foobar") > 2
length(${docker.labels}) > 0
length(${host}) > 2

match(String, Regexp) boolean

Usage:

match("hello world", "^hello") == true
match(${var1}, "world$") == true

modulo(number, number) Number

Usage:

modulo(25, 5) > 0
modulo(${var1}, ${var2}) == 0

multiply(Number, Number) Number

Usage:

multiply(5, 5) == 25
multiple(${var1}, ${var2}) > x

number(String) Integer

Usage:

number("42") == 42
number(${var1}) == 42

startsWith(String, String) Boolean

Usage:

startsWith("hello world", "hello") == true
startsWith(${var1}, "hello") != true

string(Number) String

Usage:

string(42) == "42"
string(${var1}) == "42"

stringContains(String, String) Boolean

Usage:

stringContains("hello world", "hello") == true
stringContains(${var1}, "hello") != true

subtract(Number, Number) Number

Usage:

subtract(5, 1) == 4
subtract(${foo}, 2) != 2

To debug configurations that include variable substitution and conditions, use the inspect command. This command shows the configuration that’s generated after variables are replaced and conditions are applied.

First run the Elastic Agent. For this example, we’ll use the following agent policy:

outputs:
  default:
    type: elasticsearch
    hosts: [127.0.0.1:9200]
    username: elastic
    password: changeme

providers:
  local_dynamic:
    items:
      - vars:
          key: value1
        processors:
          - add_fields:
              fields:
                custom: match1
              target: dynamic
      - vars:
          key: value2
        processors:
          - add_fields:
              fields:
                custom: match2
              target: dynamic
      - vars:
          key: value3
        processors:
          - add_fields:
              fields:
                custom: match3
              target: dynamic

inputs:
  - type: logfile
    enabled: true
    streams:
      - paths:
          - /var/log/${local_dynamic.key}

Then run elastic-agent inspect to see the generated configuration. For example:

$ ./elastic-agent inspect output -o default
[default] filebeat:
filebeat:
  inputs:
  - index: logs-generic-default
    paths:
    - /var/log/value1
    processors:
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          custom: match1
        target: dynamic
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          dataset: generic
          namespace: default
          type: logs
        target: data_stream
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          dataset: generic
        target: event
    type: log
  - index: logs-generic-default
    paths:
    - /var/log/value2
    processors:
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          custom: match2
        target: dynamic
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          dataset: generic
          namespace: default
          type: logs
        target: data_stream
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          dataset: generic
        target: event
    type: log
  - index: logs-generic-default
    paths:
    - /var/log/value3
    processors:
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          custom: match3
        target: dynamic
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          dataset: generic
          namespace: default
          type: logs
        target: data_stream
    - add_fields:
        fields:
          dataset: generic
        target: event
    type: log
output:
  elasticsearch:
    hosts:
    - 127.0.0.1:9200
    password: changeme
    username: elastic

---
[default] FLEET_MONITORING:
output:
  elasticsearch:
    hosts:
    - 127.0.0.1:9200
    password: changeme
    type: elasticsearch
    username: elastic
programs:
- filebeat

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