Setting JVM options
editSetting JVM options
editYou should rarely need to change Java Virtual Machine (JVM) options. If you do, the most likely change is setting the heap size. The remainder of this document explains in detail how to set JVM options.
The preferred method of setting JVM options (including system properties and JVM
flags) is via the jvm.options
configuration file. The default location of this
file is config/jvm.options
(when installing from the tar or zip distributions)
and /etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options
(when installing from the Debian or RPM
packages).
This file contains a line-delimited list of JVM arguments following a special syntax:
- lines consisting of whitespace only are ignored
-
lines beginning with
#
are treated as comments and are ignored# this is a comment
-
lines beginning with a
-
are treated as a JVM option that applies independent of the version of the JVM-Xmx2g
-
lines beginning with a number followed by a
:
followed by a-
are treated as a JVM option that applies only if the version of the JVM matches the number8:-Xmx2g
-
lines beginning with a number followed by a
-
followed by a:
are treated as a JVM option that applies only if the version of the JVM is greater than or equal to the number8-:-Xmx2g
-
lines beginning with a number followed by a
-
followed by a number followed by a:
are treated as a JVM option that applies only if the version of the JVM falls in the range of the two numbers8-9:-Xmx2g
- all other lines are rejected
You can add custom JVM flags to this file and check this configuration into your version control system.
An alternative mechanism for setting Java Virtual Machine options is via the
ES_JAVA_OPTS
environment variable. For instance:
export ES_JAVA_OPTS="$ES_JAVA_OPTS -Djava.io.tmpdir=/path/to/temp/dir" ./bin/elasticsearch
When using the RPM or Debian packages, ES_JAVA_OPTS
can be specified in the
system configuration file.
The JVM has a built-in mechanism for observing the JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS
environment variable. We intentionally ignore this environment variable in our
packaging scripts. The primary reason for this is that on some OS (e.g., Ubuntu)
there are agents installed by default via this environment variable that we do
not want interfering with Elasticsearch.
Additionally, some other Java programs support the JAVA_OPTS
environment
variable. This is not a mechanism built into the JVM but instead a convention
in the ecosystem. However, we do not support this environment variable, instead
supporting setting JVM options via the jvm.options
file or the environment
variable ES_JAVA_OPTS
as above.