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Trained models

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Trained models

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When you use a data frame analytics job to perform classification or regression analysis, it creates a machine learning model that is trained and tested against a labelled data set. When you are satisfied with your trained model, you can use it to make predictions against new data. For example, you can use it in the processor of an ingest pipeline or in a pipeline aggregation within a search query. For more information about this process, see Introduction to supervised learning and Inference.

You can also supply trained models that are not created by data frame analytics job but adhere to the appropriate JSON schema. If you want to use these trained models in the Elastic Stack, you must store them in Elasticsearch documents by using the create trained models API.

In Kibana, you can view and manage your trained models within Machine Learning > Data Frame Analytics:

List of trained models in the Machine Learning app in Kibana

Alternatively, you can use APIs like get trained models and delete trained models.

Exporting and importing models

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Models trained in Elasticsearch are portable and can be transferred between clusters. This is particularly useful when models are trained in isolation from the cluster where they are used for inference. The following instructions show how to use curl and jq to export a model as JSON and import it to another cluster.

Given a model name, find the model ID. You can use curl to call the get trained model API to list all models with their IDs.

curl -s -u username:password \
  -X GET "http://localhost:9200/_ml/trained_models" \
    | jq . -C \
    | more

If you want to show just the model IDs available, use jq to select a subset.

curl -s -u username:password \
  -X GET "http://localhost:9200/_ml/trained_models" \
    | jq -C -r '.trained_model_configs[].model_id'

flights1-1607953694065
flights0-1607953585123
lang_ident_model_1

In this example, you are exporting the model with ID flights1-1607953694065.

Using curl from the command line, again use the get trained models API to export the entire model definition and save it to a JSON file.
```
curl -u username:password \
  -X GET "http://localhost:9200/_ml/trained_models/flights1-1607953694065?exclude_generated=true&include=definition&decompress_definition=false" \
    | jq '.trained_model_configs[0] | del(.model_id)' \
    > flights1.json
```
A few observations:
- Exporting models requires using curl or a similar tool that can stream the model over HTTP into a file. If you use the Kibana Console, the browser might be unresponsive due to the size of exported models.
- Note the query parameters that are used during export. These parameters are necessary to export the model in a way that it can later be imported again and used for inference.
- You must unnest the JSON object by one level to extract just the model definition. You must also remove the existing model ID in order to not have ID collisions when you import again. You can do these steps using jq inline or alternatively it can be done to the resulting JSON file after downloading using jq or other tools.
Import the saved model using curl to upload the JSON file to the created trained model API. When you specify the URL, you can also set the model ID to something new using the last path part of the URL.
```
curl -u username:password \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -X PUT "http://localhost:9200/_ml/trained_models/flights1-imported" \
  --data-binary @flights1.json
```

Models exported from the get trained models API are limited in size by the http.max_content_length global configuration value in Elasticsearch. The default value is 100mb and may need to be increased depending on the size of model being exported.
Connection timeouts can occur, for example, when model sizes are very large or your cluster is under load. If needed, you can increase timeout configurations for curl (for example, curl --max-time 600) or your client of choice.

Importing an external model to the Elastic Stack

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It is possible to import a model to your Elasticsearch cluster even if the model is not trained by Elastic data frame analytics. Eland supports importing models directly through its APIs. Please refer to the latest Eland documentation for more information on supported model types and other details of using Eland to import models with.

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