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Transactions
editTransactions
editTransactions are a special kind of span that have additional attributes associated with them. They describe an event captured by an Elastic APM agent instrumenting a service. You can think of transactions as the highest level of work you’re measuring within a service. As an example, a transaction might be a:
- Request to your server
- Batch job
- Background job
- Custom transaction type
Agents decide whether to sample transactions or not, and provide settings to control sampling behavior. If sampled, the spans of a transaction are sent and stored as separate documents. Within one transaction there can be 0, 1, or many spans captured.
A transaction contains:
- The timestamp of the event
- A unique id, type, and name
-
Data about the environment in which the event is recorded:
- Service - environment, framework, language, etc.
- Host - architecture, hostname, IP, etc.
- Process - args, PID, PPID, etc.
- URL - full, domain, port, query, etc.
- User - (if supplied) email, ID, username, etc.
- Other relevant information depending on the agent. Example: The JavaScript RUM agent captures transaction marks, which are points in time relative to the start of the transaction with some label.
In addition, agents provide options for users to capture custom metadata.
Metadata can be indexed - labels, or not-indexed - custom.
Transactions are grouped by their type and name in the Applications UI’s
Transaction overview.
If you’re using a supported framework, APM agents will automatically handle the naming for you.
If you’re not, or if you wish to override the default,
all agents have API methods to manually set the type and name.
-
typeshould be a keyword of specific relevance in the service’s domain, e.g.request,backgroundjob, etc. -
nameshould be a generic designation of a transaction in the scope of a single service, e.g.GET /users/:id,UsersController#show, etc.
Most agents limit keyword fields (e.g. labels) to 1024 characters,
non-keyword fields (e.g. span.db.statement) to 10,000 characters.
Data streams
editTransactions are stored with spans in the following data streams:
-
Application traces:
traces-apm-<namespace> -
RUM and iOS agent application traces:
traces-apm.rum-<namespace>
See Data streams to learn more.
Example transaction document
editThis example shows what transaction documents can look like when indexed in Elasticsearch.
Expand Elasticsearch document
[
{
"@timestamp": "2017-05-30T18:53:42.281Z",
"agent": {
"name": "elastic-node",
"version": "3.14.0"
},
"container": {
"id": "container-id"
},
"ecs": {
"version": "1.12.0"
},
"event": {
"ingested": "2020-08-11T09:55:04.391451Z",
"outcome": "unknown"
},
"host": {
"architecture": "x64",
"ip": ["127.0.0.1"],
"os": {
"platform": "darwin"
}
},
"kubernetes": {
"namespace": "namespace1",
"pod": {
"name": "pod-name",
"uid": "pod-uid"
}
},
"observer": {
"hostname": "ix.lan",
"type": "apm-server",
"version": "8.0.0"
},
"process": {
"args": [
"node",
"server.js"
],
"pid": 1234,
"parent": {
"pid": 6789
},
"title": "node"
},
"processor": {
"event": "transaction",
"name": "transaction"
},
"service": {
"environment": "staging",
"framework": {
"name": "Express",
"version": "1.2.3"
},
"language": {
"name": "ecmascript",
"version": "8"
},
"name": "1234_service-12a3",
"node": {
"name": "container-id"
},
"runtime": {
"name": "node",
"version": "8.0.0"
},
"version": "5.1.3"
},
"timestamp": {
"us": 1496170422281000
},
"trace": {
"id": "85925e55b43f4340aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"
},
"transaction": {
"duration": {
"us": 13980
},
"id": "85925e55b43f4340",
"name": "GET /api/types",
"result": "failure",
"sampled": true,
"span_count": {
"started": 0
},
"type": "request"
},
"user": {
"email": "foo@bar.com",
"id": "123user",
"name": "foo"
}
},
{
"@timestamp": "2017-05-30T18:53:42.281Z",
"agent": {
"name": "elastic-node",
"version": "3.14.0"
},
"container": {
"id": "container-id"
},
"ecs": {
"version": "1.12.0"
},
"event": {
"ingested": "2020-08-11T09:55:04.391639Z",
"outcome": "unknown"
},
"host": {
"architecture": "x64",
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"os": {
"platform": "darwin"
}
},
"kubernetes": {
"namespace": "namespace1",
"pod": {
"name": "pod-name",
"uid": "pod-uid"
}
},
"observer": {
"ephemeral_id": "fb037b97-0027-401a-9dc4-17d162f2687f",
"hostname": "goat",
"id": "a4daf4ca-b280-4ede-90df-bf62482cec37",
"type": "apm-server",
"version": "8.0.0"
},
"process": {
"args": [
"node",
"server.js"
],
"pid": 1234,
"parent": {
"pid": 6789
},
"title": "node"
},
"processor": {
"event": "transaction",
"name": "transaction"
},
"service": {
"environment": "staging",
"framework": {
"name": "Express",
"version": "1.2.3"
},
"language": {
"name": "ecmascript",
"version": "8"
},
"name": "1234_service-12a3",
"node": {
"name": "container-id"
},
"runtime": {
"name": "node",
"version": "8.0.0"
},
"version": "5.1.3"
},
"timestamp": {
"us": 1496170422281999
},
"trace": {
"id": "85925e55b43f4342aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"
},
"transaction": {
"duration": {
"us": 13980
},
"id": "85925e55b43f4342",
"name": "GET /api/types",
"result": "200",
"sampled": true,
"span_count": {
"dropped": 258,
"started": 1
},
"type": "request"
},
"user": {
"email": "foo@bar.com",
"id": "123user",
"name": "foo"
}
},
{
"@timestamp": "2017-05-30T18:53:27.154Z",
"agent": {
"name": "js-base",
"version": "1.3"
},
"client": {
"geo": {
"continent_name": "North America",
"country_iso_code": "US",
"country_name": "United States",
"location": {
"lat": 37.751,
"lon": -97.822
}
},
"ip": "8.8.8.8"
},
"container": {
"id": "container-id"
},
"ecs": {
"version": "1.12.0"
},
"event": {
"ingested": "2020-08-11T09:55:04.338986Z",
"outcome": "unknown"
},
"host": {
"architecture": "x64",
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"os": {
"platform": "darwin"
}
},
"http": {
"request": {
"body": {
"original": {
"additional": {
"bar": 123,
"req": "additional information"
},
"str": "hello world"
}
},
"cookies": {
"c1": "v1",
"c2": "v2"
},
"env": {
"GATEWAY_INTERFACE": "CGI/1.1",
"SERVER_SOFTWARE": "nginx"
},
"headers": {
"Array": [
"foo",
"bar",
"baz"
],
"Content-Type": [
"text/html"
],
"Cookie": [
"c1=v1,c2=v2"
],
"Some-Other-Header": [
"foo"
],
"User-Agent": [
"Mozilla Chrome Edge"
]
},
"method": "POST",
"referrer": "http://localhost:8000/test/e2e/"
},
"response": {
"finished": true,
"headers": {
"Content-Type": [
"application/json"
]
},
"headers_sent": true,
"status_code": 200
},
"version": "1.1"
},
"kubernetes": {
"namespace": "namespace1",
"pod": {
"name": "pod-name",
"uid": "pod-uid"
}
},
"labels": {
"bool_error": false,
"number_code": 2,
"organization_uuid": "9f0e9d64-c185-4d21-a6f4-4673ed561ec8"
},
"observer": {
"ephemeral_id": "fb037b97-0027-401a-9dc4-17d162f2687f",
"hostname": "goat",
"id": "a4daf4ca-b280-4ede-90df-bf62482cec37",
"type": "apm-server",
"version": "8.0.0"
},
"process": {
"args": [
"node",
"server.js"
],
"pid": 1234,
"parent": {
"pid": 6789
},
"title": "node"
},
"processor": {
"event": "transaction",
"name": "transaction"
},
"service": {
"environment": "staging",
"framework": {
"name": "Express",
"version": "1.2.3"
},
"language": {
"name": "ecmascript",
"version": "8"
},
"name": "serviceabc",
"node": {
"name": "special-name"
},
"runtime": {
"name": "javascript",
"version": "8.0.0"
},
"version": "5.1.3"
},
"source": {
"ip": "8.8.8.8"
},
"timestamp": {
"us": 1496170407154000
},
"trace": {
"id": "945254c567a5417eaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"
},
"transaction": {
"custom": {
"(": "not a valid regex and that is fine",
"and_objects": {
"foo": [
"bar",
"baz"
]
},
"my_key": 1,
"some_other_value": "foo bar"
},
"duration": {
"us": 32592
},
"id": "945254c567a5417e",
"marks": {
"another_mark": {
"some_float": 10,
"some_long": 10
},
"navigationTiming": {
"appBeforeBootstrap": 608.9300000000001,
"navigationStart": -21
}
},
"name": "GET /api/types",
"result": "success",
"sampled": true,
"span_count": {
"dropped": 2,
"started": 4
},
"type": "request"
},
"url": {
"domain": "www.example.com",
"fragment": "#hash",
"full": "https://www.example.com/p/a/t/h?query=string#hash",
"original": "/p/a/t/h?query=string#hash",
"path": "/p/a/t/h",
"port": 8080,
"query": "?query=string",
"scheme": "https"
},
"user": {
"email": "foo@example.com",
"id": "99"
},
"user_agent": {
"device": {
"name": "Other"
},
"name": "Other",
"original": "Mozilla Chrome Edge"
}
}
]