- Elasticsearch Guide: other versions:
- Getting Started
- Set up Elasticsearch
- Installing Elasticsearch
- Configuring Elasticsearch
- Important Elasticsearch configuration
- Important System Configuration
- Bootstrap Checks
- Heap size check
- File descriptor check
- Memory lock check
- Maximum number of threads check
- Max file size check
- Maximum size virtual memory check
- Maximum map count check
- Client JVM check
- Use serial collector check
- System call filter check
- OnError and OnOutOfMemoryError checks
- Early-access check
- G1GC check
- All permission check
- Starting Elasticsearch
- Stopping Elasticsearch
- Adding nodes to your cluster
- Installing X-Pack
- Set up X-Pack
- Configuring X-Pack Java Clients
- X-Pack Settings
- Bootstrap Checks for X-Pack
- Upgrade Elasticsearch
- API Conventions
- Document APIs
- Search APIs
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- Avg Aggregation
- Weighted Avg Aggregation
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- Geo Bounds Aggregation
- Geo Centroid Aggregation
- Max Aggregation
- Min Aggregation
- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top Hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- Adjacency Matrix Aggregation
- Auto-interval Date Histogram Aggregation
- Intervals
- Children Aggregation
- Composite Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Diversified Sampler Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation
- GeoHash grid Aggregation
- Global Aggregation
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation
- Range Aggregation
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Moving Function Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation
- Bucket Script Aggregation
- Bucket Selector Aggregation
- Bucket Sort Aggregation
- Serial Differencing Aggregation
- Matrix Aggregations
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Metrics Aggregations
- Indices APIs
- Create Index
- Delete Index
- Get Index
- Indices Exists
- Open / Close Index API
- Shrink Index
- Split Index
- Rollover Index
- Put Mapping
- Get Mapping
- Get Field Mapping
- Types Exists
- Index Aliases
- Update Indices Settings
- Get Settings
- Analyze
- Index Templates
- Indices Stats
- Indices Segments
- Indices Recovery
- Indices Shard Stores
- Clear Cache
- Flush
- Refresh
- Force Merge
- cat APIs
- Cluster APIs
- Query DSL
- Mapping
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer
- Testing analyzers
- Analyzers
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers
- Standard Tokenizer
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer
- Whitespace Tokenizer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer
- NGram Tokenizer
- Edge NGram Tokenizer
- Keyword Tokenizer
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Char Group Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer Examples
- Token Filters
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Multiplexer Token Filter
- Conditional Token Filter
- Predicate Token Filter Script
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Exclude mode settings example
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Remove Duplicates Token Filter
- Character Filters
- Modules
- Index Modules
- Ingest Node
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Conditional Execution in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Append Processor
- Bytes Processor
- Convert Processor
- Date Processor
- Date Index Name Processor
- Dissect Processor
- Drop Processor
- Dot Expander Processor
- Fail Processor
- Foreach Processor
- Grok Processor
- Gsub Processor
- Join Processor
- JSON Processor
- KV Processor
- Lowercase Processor
- Pipeline Processor
- Remove Processor
- Rename Processor
- Script Processor
- Set Processor
- Set Security User Processor
- Split Processor
- Sort Processor
- Trim Processor
- Uppercase Processor
- URL Decode Processor
- SQL Access
- Monitor a cluster
- Rolling up historical data
- Set up a cluster for high availability
- Secure a cluster
- Overview
- Configuring security
- Encrypting communications in Elasticsearch
- Encrypting communications in an Elasticsearch Docker Container
- Enabling cipher suites for stronger encryption
- Separating node-to-node and client traffic
- Configuring an Active Directory realm
- Configuring a file realm
- Configuring an LDAP realm
- Configuring a native realm
- Configuring a PKI realm
- Configuring a SAML realm
- Configuring a Kerberos realm
- FIPS 140-2
- Security settings
- Security files
- Auditing settings
- How security works
- User authentication
- Built-in users
- Internal users
- Realms
- Realm chains
- Active Directory user authentication
- File-based user authentication
- LDAP user authentication
- Native user authentication
- PKI user authentication
- SAML authentication
- Kerberos authentication
- Integrating with other authentication systems
- Enabling anonymous access
- Controlling the user cache
- Configuring SAML single-sign-on on the Elastic Stack
- User authorization
- Auditing security events
- Encrypting communications
- Restricting connections with IP filtering
- Cross cluster search, tribe, clients, and integrations
- Tutorial: Getting started with security
- Tutorial: Encrypting communications
- Troubleshooting
- Can’t log in after upgrading to 6.5.4
- Some settings are not returned via the nodes settings API
- Authorization exceptions
- Users command fails due to extra arguments
- Users are frequently locked out of Active Directory
- Certificate verification fails for curl on Mac
- SSLHandshakeException causes connections to fail
- Common SSL/TLS exceptions
- Common Kerberos exceptions
- Common SAML issues
- Internal Server Error in Kibana
- Setup-passwords command fails due to connection failure
- Failures due to relocation of the configuration files
- Limitations
- Alerting on Cluster and Index Events
- Command line tools
- How To
- Testing
- Glossary of terms
- X-Pack APIs
- Info API
- Cross-cluster replication APIs
- Explore API
- Licensing APIs
- Migration APIs
- Machine learning APIs
- Add events to calendar
- Add jobs to calendar
- Close jobs
- Create calendar
- Create datafeeds
- Create filter
- Create jobs
- Delete calendar
- Delete datafeeds
- Delete events from calendar
- Delete filter
- Delete forecast
- Delete jobs
- Delete jobs from calendar
- Delete model snapshots
- Find file structure
- Flush jobs
- Forecast jobs
- Get calendars
- Get buckets
- Get overall buckets
- Get categories
- Get datafeeds
- Get datafeed statistics
- Get influencers
- Get jobs
- Get job statistics
- Get machine learning info
- Get model snapshots
- Get scheduled events
- Get filters
- Get records
- Open jobs
- Post data to jobs
- Preview datafeeds
- Revert model snapshots
- Start datafeeds
- Stop datafeeds
- Update datafeeds
- Update filter
- Update jobs
- Update model snapshots
- Rollup APIs
- Security APIs
- Authenticate
- Change passwords
- Clear cache
- Clear roles cache
- Create or update application privileges
- Create or update role mappings
- Create or update roles
- Create or update users
- Delete application privileges
- Delete role mappings
- Delete roles
- Delete users
- Disable users
- Enable users
- Get application privileges
- Get role mappings
- Get roles
- Get token
- Get users
- Has privileges
- Invalidate token
- SSL certificate
- Watcher APIs
- Definitions
- Release Highlights
- Breaking changes
- Release Notes
- Elasticsearch version 6.5.4
- Elasticsearch version 6.5.3
- Elasticsearch version 6.5.2
- Elasticsearch version 6.5.1
- Elasticsearch version 6.5.0
- Elasticsearch version 6.4.3
- Elasticsearch version 6.4.2
- Elasticsearch version 6.4.1
- Elasticsearch version 6.4.0
- Elasticsearch version 6.3.2
- Elasticsearch version 6.3.1
- Elasticsearch version 6.3.0
- Elasticsearch version 6.2.4
- Elasticsearch version 6.2.3
- Elasticsearch version 6.2.2
- Elasticsearch version 6.2.1
- Elasticsearch version 6.2.0
- Elasticsearch version 6.1.4
- Elasticsearch version 6.1.3
- Elasticsearch version 6.1.2
- Elasticsearch version 6.1.1
- Elasticsearch version 6.1.0
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.1
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0-rc2
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0-rc1
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0-beta2
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0-beta1
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0-alpha2
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0-alpha1
- Elasticsearch version 6.0.0-alpha1 (Changes previously released in 5.x)
Defining roles
editDefining roles
editA role is defined by the following JSON structure:
{ "run_as": [ ... ], "cluster": [ ... ], "global": { ... }, "indices": [ ... ], "applications": [ ... ] }
A list of usernames the owners of this role can impersonate. |
|
A list of cluster privileges. These privileges define the
cluster level actions users with this role are able to execute. This field
is optional (missing |
|
An object defining global privileges. A global privilege is a form of cluster privilege that is request sensitive. A standard cluster privilege makes authorization decisions based solely on the action being executed. A global privilege also considers the parameters included in the request. Support for global privileges is currently limited to the management of application privileges. This field is optional. |
|
A list of indices permissions entries. This field is optional (missing |
|
A list of application privilege entries. This field is optional. |
Role names must be at least 1 and no more than 1024 characters. They can
contain alphanumeric characters (a-z
, A-Z
, 0-9
), spaces,
punctuation, and printable symbols in the Basic Latin (ASCII) block.
Leading or trailing whitespace is not allowed.
Indices Privileges
editThe following describes the structure of an indices permissions entry:
A list of indices (or index name patterns) to which the permissions in this entry apply. |
|
The index level privileges the owners of the role have on the associated
indices (those indices that are specified in the |
|
Specification for document fields the owners of the role have read access to. See Setting up field and document level security for details. |
|
A search query that defines the documents the owners of the role have read access to. A document within the associated indices must match this query in order for it to be accessible by the owners of the role. |
When specifying index names, you can use indices and aliases with their full names or regular expressions that refer to multiple indices.
-
Wildcard (default) - simple wildcard matching where
*
is a placeholder for zero or more characters,?
is a placeholder for a single character and\
may be used as an escape character. -
Regular Expressions - A more powerful syntax for matching more complex
patterns. This regular expression is based on Lucene’s regexp automaton
syntax. To enable this syntax, it must be wrapped within a pair of
forward slashes (
/
). Any pattern starting with/
and not ending with/
is considered to be malformed.
Example Regular Expressions.
"foo-bar": # match the literal `foo-bar` "foo-*": # match anything beginning with "foo-" "logstash-201?-*": # ? matches any one character "/.*-201[0-9]-.*/": # use a regex to match anything containing 2010-2019 "/foo": # syntax error - missing final /
Global Privileges
editThe following describes the structure of a global privileges entry:
Application Privileges
editThe following describes the structure of an application privileges entry:
The name of the application. |
|
The list of the names of the application privileges to grant to this role. |
|
The resources to which those privileges apply. These are handled in the same
way as index name pattern in |
For details about the validation rules for these fields, see the add application privileges API.
A role may refer to application privileges that do not exist - that is, they have not yet been defined through the add application privileges API (or they were defined, but have since been deleted). In this case, the privilege has no effect, and will not grant any actions in the has privileges API.
Example
editThe following snippet shows an example definition of a clicks_admin
role:
POST /_xpack/security/role/clicks_admin { "run_as": [ "clicks_watcher_1" ], "cluster": [ "monitor" ], "indices": [ { "names": [ "events-*" ], "privileges": [ "read" ], "field_security" : { "grant" : [ "category", "@timestamp", "message" ] }, "query": "{\"match\": {\"category\": \"click\"}}" } ] }
Based on the above definition, users owning the clicks_admin
role can:
-
Impersonate the
clicks_watcher_1
user and execute requests on its behalf. - Monitor the Elasticsearch cluster
-
Read data from all indices prefixed with
events-
-
Within these indices, only read the events of the
click
category -
Within these document, only read the
category
,@timestamp
andmessage
fields.
For a complete list of available cluster and indices privileges
There are two available mechanisms to define roles: using the Role Management APIs or in local files on the Elasticsearch nodes. You can also implement custom roles providers. If you need to integrate with another system to retrieve user roles, you can build a custom roles provider plugin. For more information, see Custom Roles Provider Extension.
Role management UI
editYou can manage users and roles easily in Kibana. To manage roles, log in to Kibana and go to Management / Elasticsearch / Roles.
Role management API
editThe Role Management APIs enable you to add, update, remove and retrieve roles
dynamically. When you use the APIs to manage roles in the native
realm, the
roles are stored in an internal Elasticsearch index. For more information and examples,
see role management APIs.
File-based role management
editApart from the Role Management APIs, roles can also be defined in local
roles.yml
file located in ES_PATH_CONF
. This is a YAML file where each
role definition is keyed by its name.
If the same role name is used in the roles.yml
file and through the
Role Management APIs, the role found in the file will be used.
While the Role Management APIs is the preferred mechanism to define roles,
using the roles.yml
file becomes useful if you want to define fixed roles that
no one (beside an administrator having physical access to the Elasticsearch nodes)
would be able to change.
The roles.yml
file is managed locally by the node and is not globally by the
cluster. This means that with a typical multi-node cluster, the exact same
changes need to be applied on each and every node in the cluster.
A safer approach would be to apply the change on one of the nodes and have the
roles.yml
distributed/copied to all other nodes in the cluster (either
manually or using a configuration management system such as Puppet or Chef).
The following snippet shows an example of the roles.yml
file configuration:
click_admins: run_as: [ 'clicks_watcher_1' ] cluster: [ 'monitor' ] indices: - names: [ 'events-*' ] privileges: [ 'read' ] field_security: grant: ['category', '@timestamp', 'message' ] query: '{"match": {"category": "click"}}'
Elasticsearch continuously monitors the roles.yml
file and automatically picks
up and applies any changes to it.
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