Mathematical Functions
editMathematical Functions
editAll math and trigonometric functions require their input (where applicable) to be numeric.
Generic
editABS
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: numeric
Description:Returns the absolute value of numeric_exp
. The return type is the same as the input type.
SELECT ABS(-123.5), ABS(55); ABS(-123.5) | ABS(55) ---------------+--------------- 123.5 |55
CBRT
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the cube root of numeric_exp
.
SELECT CBRT(-125.5); CBRT(-125.5) ------------------- -5.0066577974783435
CEIL/CEILING
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: integer or long numeric value
Description:Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to numeric_exp
.
SELECT CEIL(125.01), CEILING(-125.99); CEIL(125.01) |CEILING(-125.99) ---------------+---------------- 126 |-125
E
editSynopsis:
E()
Input: none
Output: 2.718281828459045
Description:Returns Euler’s number.
SELECT E(), CEIL(E()); E() | CEIL(E()) -----------------+--------------- 2.718281828459045|3
EXP
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns Euler’s number at the power of numeric_exp
enumeric_exp.
SELECT EXP(1), E(), EXP(2), E() * E(); EXP(1) | E() | EXP(2) | E() * E() -----------------+-----------------+----------------+------------------ 2.718281828459045|2.718281828459045|7.38905609893065|7.3890560989306495
EXPM1
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns Euler’s number at the power of numeric_exp
minus 1 (enumeric_exp - 1).
SELECT E(), EXP(2), EXPM1(2); E() | EXP(2) | EXPM1(2) -----------------+----------------+---------------- 2.718281828459045|7.38905609893065|6.38905609893065
FLOOR
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: integer or long numeric value
Description:Returns the largest integer less than or equal to numeric_exp
.
SELECT FLOOR(125.01), FLOOR(-125.99); FLOOR(125.01) |FLOOR(-125.99) ---------------+--------------- 125 |-126
LOG
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the natural logarithm of numeric_exp
.
SELECT EXP(3), LOG(20.085536923187668); EXP(3) |LOG(20.085536923187668) ------------------+----------------------- 20.085536923187668|3.0
LOG10
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the base 10 logarithm of numeric_exp
.
SELECT LOG10(5), LOG(5)/LOG(10); LOG10(5) | LOG(5)/LOG(10) ------------------+----------------------- 0.6989700043360189|0.6989700043360187
PI
editSynopsis:
PI()
Input: none
Output: 3.141592653589793
Description:Returns PI number.
SELECT PI(); PI() ----------------- 3.141592653589793
POWER
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the value of numeric_exp
to the power of integer_exp
.
SELECT POWER(3, 2), POWER(3, 3); POWER(3, 2) | POWER(3, 3) ---------------+--------------- 9.0 |27.0
SELECT POWER(5, -1), POWER(5, -2); POWER(5, -1) | POWER(5, -2) ---------------+--------------- 0.2 |0.04
RANDOM/RAND
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns a random double using the given seed.
SELECT RANDOM(123); RANDOM(123) ------------------ 0.7231742029971469
ROUND
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: numeric
Description:Returns numeric_exp
rounded to integer_exp
places right of the decimal point. If integer_exp
is negative,
numeric_exp
is rounded to |integer_exp
| places to the left of the decimal point. If integer_exp
is omitted,
the function will perform as if integer_exp
would be 0. The returned numeric data type is the same as the data type
of numeric_exp
.
SELECT ROUND(-345.153, 1) AS rounded; rounded --------------- -345.2
SELECT ROUND(-345.153, -1) AS rounded; rounded --------------- -350.0
SIGN/SIGNUM
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: [-1, 0, 1]
Description:Returns an indicator of the sign of numeric_exp
. If numeric_exp
is less than zero, –1 is returned. If numeric_exp
equals zero, 0 is returned. If numeric_exp
is greater than zero, 1 is returned.
SELECT SIGN(-123), SIGN(0), SIGN(415); SIGN(-123) | SIGN(0) | SIGN(415) ---------------+---------------+--------------- -1 |0 |1
SQRT
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns square root of numeric_exp
.
SELECT SQRT(EXP(2)), E(), SQRT(25); SQRT(EXP(2)) | E() | SQRT(25) -----------------+-----------------+--------------- 2.718281828459045|2.718281828459045|5.0
TRUNCATE
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: numeric
Description:Returns numeric_exp
truncated to integer_exp
places right of the decimal point. If integer_exp
is negative,
numeric_exp
is truncated to |integer_exp
| places to the left of the decimal point. If integer_exp
is omitted,
the function will perform as if integer_exp
would be 0. The returned numeric data type is the same as the data type
of numeric_exp
.
SELECT TRUNCATE(-345.153, 1) AS trimmed; trimmed --------------- -345.1
SELECT TRUNCATE(-345.153, -1) AS trimmed; trimmed --------------- -340.0
Trigonometric
editACOS
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the arccosine of numeric_exp
as an angle, expressed in radians.
SELECT ACOS(COS(PI())), PI(); ACOS(COS(PI())) | PI() -----------------+----------------- 3.141592653589793|3.141592653589793
ASIN
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the arcsine of numeric_exp
as an angle, expressed in radians.
SELECT ROUND(DEGREES(ASIN(0.7071067811865475))) AS "ASIN(0.707)", ROUND(SIN(RADIANS(45)), 3) AS "SIN(45)"; ASIN(0.707) | SIN(45) ---------------+--------------- 45.0 |0.707
ATAN
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the arctangent of numeric_exp
as an angle, expressed in radians.
SELECT DEGREES(ATAN(TAN(RADIANS(90)))); DEGREES(ATAN(TAN(RADIANS(90)))) ------------------------------- 90.0
ATAN2
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the arctangent of the ordinate
and abscisa
coordinates specified as an angle, expressed in radians.
SELECT ATAN2(5 * SIN(RADIANS(45)), 5 * COS(RADIANS(45))) AS "ATAN2(5*SIN(45), 5*COS(45))", RADIANS(45); ATAN2(5*SIN(45), 5*COS(45))| RADIANS(45) ---------------------------+------------------ 0.7853981633974483 |0.7853981633974483
COS
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the cosine of numeric_exp
, where numeric_exp
is an angle expressed in radians.
SELECT COS(RADIANS(180)), POWER(SIN(RADIANS(54)), 2) + POWER(COS(RADIANS(54)), 2) AS pythagorean_identity; COS(RADIANS(180))|pythagorean_identity -----------------+-------------------- -1.0 |1.0
COSH
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the hyperbolic cosine of numeric_exp
.
SELECT COSH(5), (POWER(E(), 5) + POWER(E(), -5)) / 2 AS "(e^5 + e^-5)/2"; COSH(5) | (e^5 + e^-5)/2 -----------------+----------------- 74.20994852478785|74.20994852478783
COT
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the cotangent of numeric_exp
, where numeric_exp
is an angle expressed in radians.
SELECT COT(RADIANS(30)) AS "COT(30)", COS(RADIANS(30)) / SIN(RADIANS(30)) AS "COS(30)/SIN(30)"; COT(30) | COS(30)/SIN(30) ------------------+------------------ 1.7320508075688774|1.7320508075688776
DEGREES
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Convert from radians to degrees.
SELECT DEGREES(PI() * 2), DEGREES(PI()); DEGREES(PI() * 2)| DEGREES(PI()) -----------------+--------------- 360.0 |180.0
RADIANS
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Convert from degrees to radians.
SELECT RADIANS(90), PI()/2; RADIANS(90) | PI()/2 ------------------+------------------ 1.5707963267948966|1.5707963267948966
SIN
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the sine of numeric_exp
, where numeric_exp
is an angle expressed in radians.
SELECT SIN(RADIANS(90)), POWER(SIN(RADIANS(67)), 2) + POWER(COS(RADIANS(67)), 2) AS pythagorean_identity; SIN(RADIANS(90))|pythagorean_identity ----------------+-------------------- 1.0 |1.0
SINH
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the hyperbolic sine of numeric_exp
.
SELECT SINH(5), (POWER(E(), 5) - POWER(E(), -5)) / 2 AS "(e^5 - e^-5)/2"; SINH(5) | (e^5 - e^-5)/2 -----------------+----------------- 74.20321057778875|74.20321057778874
TAN
editSynopsis:
Input:
Output: double numeric value
Description:Returns the tangent of numeric_exp
, where numeric_exp
is an angle expressed in radians.
SELECT TAN(RADIANS(66)) AS "TAN(66)", SIN(RADIANS(66))/COS(RADIANS(66)) AS "SIN(66)/COS(66)=TAN(66)"; TAN(66) |SIN(66)/COS(66)=TAN(66) ------------------+----------------------- 2.2460367739042164|2.246036773904216