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Elastic Docs ›Elasticsearch Guide [8.11] ›Query DSL ›Term-level queries

Terms set query

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Terms set query

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Returns documents that contain a minimum number of exact terms in a provided field.

The terms_set query is the same as the terms query, except you can define the number of matching terms required to return a document. For example:

  • A field, programming_languages, contains a list of known programming languages, such as c++, java, or php for job candidates. You can use the terms_set query to return documents that match at least two of these languages.
  • A field, permissions, contains a list of possible user permissions for an application. You can use the terms_set query to return documents that match a subset of these permissions.

Example request

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Index setup

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In most cases, you’ll need to include a numeric field mapping in your index to use the terms_set query. This numeric field contains the number of matching terms required to return a document.

To see how you can set up an index for the terms_set query, try the following example.

  1. Create an index, job-candidates, with the following field mappings:

    • name, a keyword field. This field contains the name of the job candidate.
    • programming_languages, a keyword field. This field contains programming languages known by the job candidate.
    • required_matches, a numeric long field. This field contains the number of matching terms required to return a document. 
    response = client.indices.create(
  index: 'job-candidates',
  body: {
    mappings: {
      properties: {
        name: {
          type: 'keyword'
        },
        programming_languages: {
          type: 'keyword'
        },
        required_matches: {
          type: 'long'
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
    PUT /job-candidates
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "programming_languages": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "required_matches": {
        "type": "long"
      }
    }
  }
}

  2. Index a document with an ID of 1 and the following values:

    • Jane Smith in the name field.
    • ["c++", "java"] in the programming_languages field.
    • 2 in the required_matches field.

    Include the ?refresh parameter so the document is immediately available for search.

    response = client.index(
  index: 'job-candidates',
  id: 1,
  refresh: true,
  body: {
    name: 'Jane Smith',
    programming_languages: [
      'c++',
      'java'
    ],
    required_matches: 2
  }
)
puts response
    PUT /job-candidates/_doc/1?refresh
{
  "name": "Jane Smith",
  "programming_languages": [ "c++", "java" ],
  "required_matches": 2
}

  3. Index another document with an ID of 2 and the following values:

    • Jason Response in the name field.
    • ["java", "php"] in the programming_languages field.
    • 2 in the required_matches field. 
    response = client.index(
  index: 'job-candidates',
  id: 2,
  refresh: true,
  body: {
    name: 'Jason Response',
    programming_languages: [
      'java',
      'php'
    ],
    required_matches: 2
  }
)
puts response
    PUT /job-candidates/_doc/2?refresh
{
  "name": "Jason Response",
  "programming_languages": [ "java", "php" ],
  "required_matches": 2
}

You can now use the required_matches field value as the number of matching terms required to return a document in the terms_set query.

Example query

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The following search returns documents where the programming_languages field contains at least two of the following terms:

  • c++
  • java
  • php

The minimum_should_match_field is required_matches. This means the number of matching terms required is 2, the value of the required_matches field.

response = client.search(
  index: 'job-candidates',
  body: {
    query: {
      terms_set: {
        programming_languages: {
          terms: [
            'c++',
            'java',
            'php'
          ],
          minimum_should_match_field: 'required_matches'
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
GET /job-candidates/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms_set": {
      "programming_languages": {
        "terms": [ "c++", "java", "php" ],
        "minimum_should_match_field": "required_matches"
      }
    }
  }
}

Top-level parameters for terms_set

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<field>
(Required, object) Field you wish to search.

Parameters for <field>

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terms

(Required, array) Array of terms you wish to find in the provided <field>. To return a document, a required number of terms must exactly match the field values, including whitespace and capitalization.

The required number of matching terms is defined in the minimum_should_match, minimum_should_match_field or minimum_should_match_script parameters. Exactly one of these parameters must be provided.

minimum_should_match

(Optional) Specification for the number of matching terms required to return a document.

For valid values, see minimum_should_match parameter.

minimum_should_match_field
(Optional, string) Numeric field containing the number of matching terms required to return a document.
minimum_should_match_script

(Optional, string) Custom script containing the number of matching terms required to return a document.

For parameters and valid values, see Scripting.

For an example query using the minimum_should_match_script parameter, see How to use the minimum_should_match_script parameter.

Notes

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How to use the minimum_should_match_script parameter

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You can use minimum_should_match_script to define the required number of matching terms using a script. This is useful if you need to set the number of required terms dynamically.

Example query using minimum_should_match_script
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The following search returns documents where the programming_languages field contains at least two of the following terms:

  • c++
  • java
  • php

The source parameter of this query indicates:

  • The required number of terms to match cannot exceed params.num_terms, the number of terms provided in the terms field.
  • The required number of terms to match is 2, the value of the required_matches field. 
response = client.search(
  index: 'job-candidates',
  body: {
    query: {
      terms_set: {
        programming_languages: {
          terms: [
            'c++',
            'java',
            'php'
          ],
          minimum_should_match_script: {
            source: "Math.min(params.num_terms, doc['required_matches'].value)"
          },
          boost: 1
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
GET /job-candidates/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms_set": {
      "programming_languages": {
        "terms": [ "c++", "java", "php" ],
        "minimum_should_match_script": {
          "source": "Math.min(params.num_terms, doc['required_matches'].value)"
        },
        "boost": 1.0
      }
    }
  }
}
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