- Elasticsearch Guide: other versions:
- What is Elasticsearch?
- What’s new in 8.10
- Set up Elasticsearch
- Installing Elasticsearch
- Run Elasticsearch locally
- Configuring Elasticsearch
- Important Elasticsearch configuration
- Secure settings
- Auditing settings
- Circuit breaker settings
- Cluster-level shard allocation and routing settings
- Miscellaneous cluster settings
- Cross-cluster replication settings
- Discovery and cluster formation settings
- Field data cache settings
- Health Diagnostic settings
- Index lifecycle management settings
- Index management settings
- Index recovery settings
- Indexing buffer settings
- License settings
- Local gateway settings
- Logging
- Machine learning settings
- Monitoring settings
- Node
- Networking
- Node query cache settings
- Search settings
- Security settings
- Shard request cache settings
- Snapshot and restore settings
- Transforms settings
- Thread pools
- Watcher settings
- Advanced configuration
- Important system configuration
- Bootstrap Checks
- Heap size check
- File descriptor check
- Memory lock check
- Maximum number of threads check
- Max file size check
- Maximum size virtual memory check
- Maximum map count check
- Client JVM check
- Use serial collector check
- System call filter check
- OnError and OnOutOfMemoryError checks
- Early-access check
- All permission check
- Discovery configuration check
- Bootstrap Checks for X-Pack
- Starting Elasticsearch
- Stopping Elasticsearch
- Discovery and cluster formation
- Add and remove nodes in your cluster
- Full-cluster restart and rolling restart
- Remote clusters
- Plugins
- Upgrade Elasticsearch
- Index modules
- Mapping
- Text analysis
- Overview
- Concepts
- Configure text analysis
- Built-in analyzer reference
- Tokenizer reference
- Token filter reference
- Apostrophe
- ASCII folding
- CJK bigram
- CJK width
- Classic
- Common grams
- Conditional
- Decimal digit
- Delimited payload
- Dictionary decompounder
- Edge n-gram
- Elision
- Fingerprint
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- Keep types
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- Keyword marker
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- KStem
- Length
- Limit token count
- Lowercase
- MinHash
- Multiplexer
- N-gram
- Normalization
- Pattern capture
- Pattern replace
- Phonetic
- Porter stem
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- Remove duplicates
- Reverse
- Shingle
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- Stemmer
- Stemmer override
- Stop
- Synonym
- Synonym graph
- Trim
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- Unique
- Uppercase
- Word delimiter
- Word delimiter graph
- Character filters reference
- Normalizers
- Index templates
- Data streams
- Ingest pipelines
- Example: Parse logs
- Enrich your data
- Processor reference
- Append
- Attachment
- Bytes
- Circle
- Community ID
- Convert
- CSV
- Date
- Date index name
- Dissect
- Dot expander
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- Fail
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- Foreach
- Geo-grid
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- Grok
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- Inference
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- Network direction
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- Set
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- Sort
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- URL decode
- URI parts
- User agent
- Aliases
- Search your data
- Collapse search results
- Filter search results
- Highlighting
- Long-running searches
- Near real-time search
- Paginate search results
- Retrieve inner hits
- Retrieve selected fields
- Search across clusters
- Search multiple data streams and indices
- Search shard routing
- Search templates
- Search with synonyms
- Sort search results
- kNN search
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- Searching with query rules
- Query DSL
- Aggregations
- Bucket aggregations
- Adjacency matrix
- Auto-interval date histogram
- Categorize text
- Children
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- Date histogram
- Date range
- Diversified sampler
- Filter
- Filters
- Frequent item sets
- Geo-distance
- Geohash grid
- Geohex grid
- Geotile grid
- Global
- Histogram
- IP prefix
- IP range
- Missing
- Multi Terms
- Nested
- Parent
- Random sampler
- Range
- Rare terms
- Reverse nested
- Sampler
- Significant terms
- Significant text
- Terms
- Time series
- Variable width histogram
- Subtleties of bucketing range fields
- Metrics aggregations
- Pipeline aggregations
- Average bucket
- Bucket script
- Bucket count K-S test
- Bucket correlation
- Bucket selector
- Bucket sort
- Change point
- Cumulative cardinality
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- Derivative
- Extended stats bucket
- Inference bucket
- Max bucket
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- Moving function
- Moving percentiles
- Normalize
- Percentiles bucket
- Serial differencing
- Stats bucket
- Sum bucket
- Bucket aggregations
- Geospatial analysis
- EQL
- SQL
- Overview
- Getting Started with SQL
- Conventions and Terminology
- Security
- SQL REST API
- SQL Translate API
- SQL CLI
- SQL JDBC
- SQL ODBC
- SQL Client Applications
- SQL Language
- Functions and Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Math Operators
- Cast Operators
- LIKE and RLIKE Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Grouping Functions
- Date/Time and Interval Functions and Operators
- Full-Text Search Functions
- Mathematical Functions
- String Functions
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geo Functions
- Conditional Functions And Expressions
- System Functions
- Reserved keywords
- SQL Limitations
- Scripting
- Data management
- ILM: Manage the index lifecycle
- Tutorial: Customize built-in policies
- Tutorial: Automate rollover
- Index management in Kibana
- Overview
- Concepts
- Index lifecycle actions
- Configure a lifecycle policy
- Migrate index allocation filters to node roles
- Troubleshooting index lifecycle management errors
- Start and stop index lifecycle management
- Manage existing indices
- Skip rollover
- Restore a managed data stream or index
- Data tiers
- Autoscaling
- Monitor a cluster
- Roll up or transform your data
- Set up a cluster for high availability
- Snapshot and restore
- Secure the Elastic Stack
- Elasticsearch security principles
- Start the Elastic Stack with security enabled automatically
- Manually configure security
- Updating node security certificates
- User authentication
- Built-in users
- Service accounts
- Internal users
- Token-based authentication services
- User profiles
- Realms
- Realm chains
- Security domains
- Active Directory user authentication
- File-based user authentication
- LDAP user authentication
- Native user authentication
- OpenID Connect authentication
- PKI user authentication
- SAML authentication
- Kerberos authentication
- JWT authentication
- Integrating with other authentication systems
- Enabling anonymous access
- Looking up users without authentication
- Controlling the user cache
- Configuring SAML single-sign-on on the Elastic Stack
- Configuring single sign-on to the Elastic Stack using OpenID Connect
- User authorization
- Built-in roles
- Defining roles
- Role restriction
- Security privileges
- Document level security
- Field level security
- Granting privileges for data streams and aliases
- Mapping users and groups to roles
- Setting up field and document level security
- Submitting requests on behalf of other users
- Configuring authorization delegation
- Customizing roles and authorization
- Enable audit logging
- Restricting connections with IP filtering
- Securing clients and integrations
- Operator privileges
- Troubleshooting
- Some settings are not returned via the nodes settings API
- Authorization exceptions
- Users command fails due to extra arguments
- Users are frequently locked out of Active Directory
- Certificate verification fails for curl on Mac
- SSLHandshakeException causes connections to fail
- Common SSL/TLS exceptions
- Common Kerberos exceptions
- Common SAML issues
- Internal Server Error in Kibana
- Setup-passwords command fails due to connection failure
- Failures due to relocation of the configuration files
- Limitations
- Watcher
- Command line tools
- elasticsearch-certgen
- elasticsearch-certutil
- elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token
- elasticsearch-croneval
- elasticsearch-keystore
- elasticsearch-node
- elasticsearch-reconfigure-node
- elasticsearch-reset-password
- elasticsearch-saml-metadata
- elasticsearch-service-tokens
- elasticsearch-setup-passwords
- elasticsearch-shard
- elasticsearch-syskeygen
- elasticsearch-users
- How to
- Troubleshooting
- Fix common cluster issues
- Diagnose unassigned shards
- Add a missing tier to the system
- Allow Elasticsearch to allocate the data in the system
- Allow Elasticsearch to allocate the index
- Indices mix index allocation filters with data tiers node roles to move through data tiers
- Not enough nodes to allocate all shard replicas
- Total number of shards for an index on a single node exceeded
- Total number of shards per node has been reached
- Troubleshooting corruption
- Fix data nodes out of disk
- Fix master nodes out of disk
- Fix other role nodes out of disk
- Start index lifecycle management
- Start Snapshot Lifecycle Management
- Restore from snapshot
- Multiple deployments writing to the same snapshot repository
- Addressing repeated snapshot policy failures
- Troubleshooting an unstable cluster
- Troubleshooting discovery
- Troubleshooting monitoring
- Troubleshooting transforms
- Troubleshooting Watcher
- Troubleshooting searches
- Troubleshooting shards capacity health issues
- REST APIs
- API conventions
- Common options
- REST API compatibility
- Autoscaling APIs
- Behavioral Analytics APIs
- Compact and aligned text (CAT) APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat anomaly detectors
- cat component templates
- cat count
- cat data frame analytics
- cat datafeeds
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat snapshots
- cat task management
- cat templates
- cat thread pool
- cat trained model
- cat transforms
- Cluster APIs
- Cluster allocation explain
- Cluster get settings
- Cluster health
- Health
- Cluster reroute
- Cluster state
- Cluster stats
- Cluster update settings
- Nodes feature usage
- Nodes hot threads
- Nodes info
- Prevalidate node removal
- Nodes reload secure settings
- Nodes stats
- Cluster Info
- Pending cluster tasks
- Remote cluster info
- Task management
- Voting configuration exclusions
- Create or update desired nodes
- Get desired nodes
- Delete desired nodes
- Get desired balance
- Reset desired balance
- Cross-cluster replication APIs
- Data stream APIs
- Document APIs
- Enrich APIs
- EQL APIs
- Features APIs
- Fleet APIs
- Find structure API
- Graph explore API
- Index APIs
- Alias exists
- Aliases
- Analyze
- Analyze index disk usage
- Clear cache
- Clone index
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- Create index
- Create or update alias
- Create or update component template
- Create or update index template
- Create or update index template (legacy)
- Delete component template
- Delete dangling index
- Delete alias
- Delete index
- Delete index template
- Delete index template (legacy)
- Exists
- Field usage stats
- Flush
- Force merge
- Get alias
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- Get field mapping
- Get index
- Get index settings
- Get index template
- Get index template (legacy)
- Get mapping
- Import dangling index
- Index recovery
- Index segments
- Index shard stores
- Index stats
- Index template exists (legacy)
- List dangling indices
- Open index
- Refresh
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- Rollover
- Shrink index
- Simulate index
- Simulate template
- Split index
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- Update index settings
- Update mapping
- Index lifecycle management APIs
- Create or update lifecycle policy
- Get policy
- Delete policy
- Move to step
- Remove policy
- Retry policy
- Get index lifecycle management status
- Explain lifecycle
- Start index lifecycle management
- Stop index lifecycle management
- Migrate indices, ILM policies, and legacy, composable and component templates to data tiers routing
- Ingest APIs
- Info API
- Licensing APIs
- Logstash APIs
- Machine learning APIs
- Machine learning anomaly detection APIs
- Add events to calendar
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- Delete datafeeds
- Delete events from calendar
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- Delete model snapshots
- Delete expired data
- Estimate model memory
- Flush jobs
- Forecast jobs
- Get buckets
- Get calendars
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- Get datafeed statistics
- Get influencers
- Get jobs
- Get job statistics
- Get model snapshots
- Get model snapshot upgrade statistics
- Get overall buckets
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- Open jobs
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- Machine learning data frame analytics APIs
- Create data frame analytics jobs
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- Machine learning trained model APIs
- Clear trained model deployment cache
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- Migration APIs
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- Query rules APIs
- Reload search analyzers API
- Repositories metering APIs
- Rollup APIs
- Script APIs
- Search APIs
- Search Application APIs
- Searchable snapshots APIs
- Security APIs
- Authenticate
- Change passwords
- Clear cache
- Clear roles cache
- Clear privileges cache
- Clear API key cache
- Clear service account token caches
- Create API keys
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- Create or update role mappings
- Create or update roles
- Create or update users
- Create service account tokens
- Delegate PKI authentication
- Delete application privileges
- Delete role mappings
- Delete roles
- Delete service account token
- Delete users
- Disable users
- Enable users
- Enroll Kibana
- Enroll node
- Get API key information
- Get application privileges
- Get builtin privileges
- Get role mappings
- Get roles
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- Get token
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- Get users
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- Invalidate token
- OpenID Connect prepare authentication
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- Snapshot and restore APIs
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- Usage API
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- Definitions
- Migration guide
- Release notes
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.4
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.10.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.9.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.9.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.9.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.8.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.8.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.8.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.7.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.7.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.6.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.6.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.6.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.5.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.4.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.3.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.2.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.3
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.2
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.1.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.1
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-rc2
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-rc1
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-beta1
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-alpha2
- Elasticsearch version 8.0.0-alpha1
- Dependencies and versions
Mapping users and groups to roles
editMapping users and groups to roles
editRole mapping is supported by all realms except native
and file
.
The native and file realms assign roles directly to users. Native realms use user management APIs. File realms use File-based role management.
You can map roles through the Role mapping API (recommended) or a Role mapping file.
The PKI, LDAP, AD, Kerberos, OpenID Connect, JWT, and SAML realms support the Role mapping API. Only PKI, LDAP, and AD realms support Role mapping files.
The PKI, LDAP, AD, Kerberos, OpenID Connect, JWT, and SAML realms also support delegated authorization. You can either map roles for a realm or use delegated authorization; you cannot use both simultaneously.
To use role mapping, you create roles and role mapping rules. Role mapping rules can be based on realm name, realm type, username, groups, other user metadata, or combinations of those values.
When anonymous access is enabled, the roles of the anonymous user are assigned to all the other users as well.
If there are role-mapping rules created through the API as well as a role mapping file, the rules are combined. It’s possible for a single user to have some roles that were mapped through the API, and others assigned based on the role mapping file. You can define role-mappings via an API or manage them through files. These two sources of role-mapping are combined inside of the Elasticsearch security features, so it is possible for a single user to have some roles that have been mapped through the API, and other roles that are mapped through files.
Users with no roles assigned will be unauthorized for any action. In other words, they may be able to authenticate, but they will have no roles. No roles means no privileges, and no privileges means no authorizations to make requests.
When you use role mappings to assign roles to users, the roles must exist. There are two sources of roles. The available roles should either be added using the role management APIs or defined in the roles file. Either role-mapping method can use either role management method. For example, when you use the role mapping API, you are able to map users to both API-managed roles and file-managed roles (and likewise for file-based role-mappings).
Using the role mapping API
editYou can define role-mappings through the add role mapping API.
Using role mapping files
editTo use file based role-mappings, you must configure the mappings in a YAML file and copy it to each node in the cluster. Tools like Puppet or Chef can help with this.
By default, role mappings are stored in ES_PATH_CONF/role_mapping.yml
,
where ES_PATH_CONF
is ES_HOME/config
(zip/tar installations) or
/etc/elasticsearch
(package installations). To specify a different location,
you configure the files.role_mapping
setting in the
Active Directory,
LDAP, and
PKI realm settings in
elasticsearch.yml
.
Within the role mapping file, the security roles are keys and groups and users are values. The mappings can have a many-to-many relationship. When you map roles to groups, the roles of a user in that group are the combination of the roles assigned to that group and the roles assigned to that user.
By default, Elasticsearch checks role mapping files for changes every 5 seconds.
You can change this default behavior by changing the
resource.reload.interval.high
setting in the elasticsearch.yml
file. Since
this is a common setting in Elasticsearch, changing its value might effect other
schedules in the system.
While the role mapping APIs is the preferred way to manage role mappings, using
the role_mapping.yml
file becomes useful in a couple of use cases:
- If you want to define fixed role mappings that no one (besides an administrator with physical access to the Elasticsearch nodes) would be able to change.
- If cluster administration depends on users from external realms and these users need to have their roles mapped to them even when the cluster is RED. For instance an administrator that authenticates via LDAP or PKI and gets assigned an administrator role so that they can perform corrective actions.
Please note however, that the role_mapping.yml
file is provided
as a minimal administrative function and is not intended to cover and be used to
define roles for all use cases.
You cannot view, edit, or remove any roles that are defined in the role mapping files by using the role mapping APIs.
Realm specific details
editActive Directory and LDAP realms
editTo specify users and groups in the role mappings, you use their
Distinguished Names (DNs). A DN is a string that uniquely identifies the user
or group, for example "cn=John Doe,cn=contractors,dc=example,dc=com"
.
The Elasticsearch security features support only Active Directory security groups. You cannot map distribution groups to roles.
For example, the following snippet uses the file-based method to map the
admins
group to the monitoring
role and map the John Doe
user, the
users
group, and the admins
group to the user
role.
monitoring: - "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com" user: - "cn=John Doe,cn=contractors,dc=example,dc=com" - "cn=users,dc=example,dc=com" - "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com"
The name of a role. |
|
The distinguished name of an LDAP group or an Active Directory security group. |
|
The distinguished name of an LDAP or Active Directory user. |
You can use the role-mapping API to define equivalent mappings as follows:
PUT /_security/role_mapping/admins { "roles" : [ "monitoring", "user" ], "rules" : { "field" : { "groups" : "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com" } }, "enabled": true }
PUT /_security/role_mapping/basic_users { "roles" : [ "user" ], "rules" : { "any" : [ { "field" : { "dn" : "cn=John Doe,cn=contractors,dc=example,dc=com" } }, { "field" : { "groups" : "cn=users,dc=example,dc=com" } } ] }, "enabled": true }
PKI realms
editPKI realms support mapping users to roles, but you cannot map groups as the PKI realm has no notion of a group.
This is an example using a file-based mapping:
monitoring: - "cn=Admin,ou=example,o=com" user: - "cn=John Doe,ou=example,o=com"
The following example creates equivalent mappings using the API:
PUT /_security/role_mapping/admin_user { "roles" : [ "monitoring" ], "rules" : { "field" : { "dn" : "cn=Admin,ou=example,o=com" } }, "enabled": true }
PUT /_security/role_mapping/basic_user { "roles" : [ "user" ], "rules" : { "field" : { "dn" : "cn=John Doe,ou=example,o=com" } }, "enabled": true }
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