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- Elasticsearch version 8.10.4
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- Elasticsearch version 8.5.2
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- Dependencies and versions
Intervals query
editIntervals query
editReturns documents based on the order and proximity of matching terms.
The intervals
query uses matching rules, constructed from a small set of
definitions. These rules are then applied to terms from a specified field
.
The definitions produce sequences of minimal intervals that span terms in a body of text. These intervals can be further combined and filtered by parent sources.
Example request
editThe following intervals
search returns documents containing my
favorite food
without any gap, followed by hot water
or cold porridge
in the
my_text
field.
This search would match a my_text
value of my favorite food is cold
porridge
but not when it's cold my favorite food is porridge
.
response = client.search( body: { query: { intervals: { my_text: { all_of: { ordered: true, intervals: [ { match: { query: 'my favorite food', max_gaps: 0, ordered: true } }, { any_of: { intervals: [ { match: { query: 'hot water' } }, { match: { query: 'cold porridge' } } ] } } ] } } } } } ) puts response
POST _search { "query": { "intervals" : { "my_text" : { "all_of" : { "ordered" : true, "intervals" : [ { "match" : { "query" : "my favorite food", "max_gaps" : 0, "ordered" : true } }, { "any_of" : { "intervals" : [ { "match" : { "query" : "hot water" } }, { "match" : { "query" : "cold porridge" } } ] } } ] } } } } }
Top-level parameters for intervals
editmatch
rule parameters
editThe match
rule matches analyzed text.
-
query
-
(Required, string) Text you wish to find in the provided
<field>
. -
max_gaps
-
(Optional, integer) Maximum number of positions between the matching terms. Terms further apart than this are not considered matches. Defaults to
-1
.If unspecified or set to
-1
, there is no width restriction on the match. If set to0
, the terms must appear next to each other. -
ordered
-
(Optional, Boolean)
If
true
, matching terms must appear in their specified order. Defaults tofalse
. -
analyzer
-
(Optional, string) analyzer used to analyze terms in the
query
. Defaults to the top-level<field>
's analyzer. -
filter
- (Optional, interval filter rule object) An optional interval filter.
-
use_field
-
(Optional, string) If specified, then match intervals from this
field rather than the top-level
<field>
. Terms are analyzed using the search analyzer from this field. This allows you to search across multiple fields as if they were all the same field; for example, you could index the same text into stemmed and unstemmed fields, and search for stemmed tokens near unstemmed ones.
prefix
rule parameters
editThe prefix
rule matches terms that start with a specified set of characters.
This prefix can expand to match at most 128 terms. If the prefix matches more
than 128 terms, Elasticsearch returns an error. You can use the
index-prefixes
option in the field mapping to avoid this
limit.
-
prefix
-
(Required, string) Beginning characters of terms you wish to find in the
top-level
<field>
. -
analyzer
-
(Optional, string) analyzer used to normalize the
prefix
. Defaults to the top-level<field>
's analyzer. -
use_field
-
(Optional, string) If specified, then match intervals from this field rather than the top-level
<field>
.The
prefix
is normalized using the search analyzer from this field, unless a separateanalyzer
is specified.
wildcard
rule parameters
editThe wildcard
rule matches terms using a wildcard pattern. This pattern can
expand to match at most 128 terms. If the pattern matches more than 128 terms,
Elasticsearch returns an error.
-
pattern
-
(Required, string) Wildcard pattern used to find matching terms.
This parameter supports two wildcard operators:
-
?
, which matches any single character -
*
, which can match zero or more characters, including an empty one
Avoid beginning patterns with
*
or?
. This can increase the iterations needed to find matching terms and slow search performance. -
-
analyzer
-
(Optional, string) analyzer used to normalize the
pattern
. Defaults to the top-level<field>
's analyzer. -
use_field
-
(Optional, string) If specified, match intervals from this field rather than the top-level
<field>
.The
pattern
is normalized using the search analyzer from this field, unlessanalyzer
is specified separately.
fuzzy
rule parameters
editThe fuzzy
rule matches terms that are similar to the provided term, within an
edit distance defined by Fuzziness. If the fuzzy expansion matches more than
128 terms, Elasticsearch returns an error.
-
term
- (Required, string) The term to match
-
prefix_length
-
(Optional, integer) Number of beginning characters left unchanged when creating
expansions. Defaults to
0
. -
transpositions
-
(Optional, Boolean) Indicates whether edits include transpositions of two
adjacent characters (ab → ba). Defaults to
true
. -
fuzziness
-
(Optional, string) Maximum edit distance allowed for matching. See Fuzziness
for valid values and more information. Defaults to
auto
. -
analyzer
-
(Optional, string) analyzer used to normalize the
term
. Defaults to the top-level<field>
's analyzer. -
use_field
-
(Optional, string) If specified, match intervals from this field rather than the top-level
<field>
.The
term
is normalized using the search analyzer from this field, unlessanalyzer
is specified separately.
all_of
rule parameters
editThe all_of
rule returns matches that span a combination of other rules.
-
intervals
- (Required, array of rule objects) An array of rules to combine. All rules must produce a match in a document for the overall source to match.
-
max_gaps
-
(Optional, integer) Maximum number of positions between the matching terms. Intervals produced by the rules further apart than this are not considered matches. Defaults to
-1
.If unspecified or set to
-1
, there is no width restriction on the match. If set to0
, the terms must appear next to each other. -
ordered
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, intervals produced by the rules should appear in the order in which they are specified. Defaults tofalse
. -
filter
- (Optional, interval filter rule object) Rule used to filter returned intervals.
any_of
rule parameters
editThe any_of
rule returns intervals produced by any of its sub-rules.
-
intervals
- (Required, array of rule objects) An array of rules to match.
-
filter
- (Optional, interval filter rule object) Rule used to filter returned intervals.
filter
rule parameters
editThe filter
rule returns intervals based on a query. See
Filter example for an example.
-
after
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals that follow an interval
from the
filter
rule. -
before
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals that occur before an
interval from the
filter
rule. -
contained_by
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals contained by an interval
from the
filter
rule. -
containing
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals that contain an interval
from the
filter
rule. -
not_contained_by
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals that are not
contained by an interval from the
filter
rule. -
not_containing
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals that do not contain
an interval from the
filter
rule. -
not_overlapping
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals that do not overlap
with an interval from the
filter
rule. -
overlapping
-
(Optional, query object) Query used to return intervals that overlap with an
interval from the
filter
rule. -
script
-
(Optional, script object) Script used to return
matching documents. This script must return a boolean value,
true
orfalse
. See Script filters for an example.
Notes
editFilter example
editThe following search includes a filter
rule. It returns documents that have
the words hot
and porridge
within 10 positions of each other, without the
word salty
in between:
response = client.search( body: { query: { intervals: { my_text: { match: { query: 'hot porridge', max_gaps: 10, filter: { not_containing: { match: { query: 'salty' } } } } } } } } ) puts response
POST _search { "query": { "intervals" : { "my_text" : { "match" : { "query" : "hot porridge", "max_gaps" : 10, "filter" : { "not_containing" : { "match" : { "query" : "salty" } } } } } } } }
Script filters
editYou can use a script to filter intervals based on their start position, end
position, and internal gap count. The following filter
script uses the
interval
variable with the start
, end
, and gaps
methods:
response = client.search( body: { query: { intervals: { my_text: { match: { query: 'hot porridge', filter: { script: { source: 'interval.start > 10 && interval.end < 20 && interval.gaps == 0' } } } } } } } ) puts response
POST _search { "query": { "intervals" : { "my_text" : { "match" : { "query" : "hot porridge", "filter" : { "script" : { "source" : "interval.start > 10 && interval.end < 20 && interval.gaps == 0" } } } } } } }
Minimization
editThe intervals query always minimizes intervals, to ensure that queries can
run in linear time. This can sometimes cause surprising results, particularly
when using max_gaps
restrictions or filters. For example, take the
following query, searching for salty
contained within the phrase hot
porridge
:
response = client.search( body: { query: { intervals: { my_text: { match: { query: 'salty', filter: { contained_by: { match: { query: 'hot porridge' } } } } } } } } ) puts response
POST _search { "query": { "intervals" : { "my_text" : { "match" : { "query" : "salty", "filter" : { "contained_by" : { "match" : { "query" : "hot porridge" } } } } } } } }
This query does not match a document containing the phrase hot porridge is
salty porridge
, because the intervals returned by the match query for hot
porridge
only cover the initial two terms in this document, and these do not
overlap the intervals covering salty
.
Another restriction to be aware of is the case of any_of
rules that contain
sub-rules which overlap. In particular, if one of the rules is a strict
prefix of the other, then the longer rule can never match, which can
cause surprises when used in combination with max_gaps
. Consider the
following query, searching for the
immediately followed by big
or big bad
,
immediately followed by wolf
:
response = client.search( body: { query: { intervals: { my_text: { all_of: { intervals: [ { match: { query: 'the' } }, { any_of: { intervals: [ { match: { query: 'big' } }, { match: { query: 'big bad' } } ] } }, { match: { query: 'wolf' } } ], max_gaps: 0, ordered: true } } } } } ) puts response
POST _search { "query": { "intervals" : { "my_text" : { "all_of" : { "intervals" : [ { "match" : { "query" : "the" } }, { "any_of" : { "intervals" : [ { "match" : { "query" : "big" } }, { "match" : { "query" : "big bad" } } ] } }, { "match" : { "query" : "wolf" } } ], "max_gaps" : 0, "ordered" : true } } } } }
Counter-intuitively, this query does not match the document the big bad
wolf
, because the any_of
rule in the middle only produces intervals
for big
- intervals for big bad
being longer than those for big
, while
starting at the same position, and so being minimized away. In these cases,
it’s better to rewrite the query so that all of the options are explicitly
laid out at the top level:
response = client.search( body: { query: { intervals: { my_text: { any_of: { intervals: [ { match: { query: 'the big bad wolf', ordered: true, max_gaps: 0 } }, { match: { query: 'the big wolf', ordered: true, max_gaps: 0 } } ] } } } } } ) puts response
POST _search { "query": { "intervals" : { "my_text" : { "any_of" : { "intervals" : [ { "match" : { "query" : "the big bad wolf", "ordered" : true, "max_gaps" : 0 } }, { "match" : { "query" : "the big wolf", "ordered" : true, "max_gaps" : 0 } } ] } } } } }
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