- Elasticsearch Guide: other versions:
- What is Elasticsearch?
- What’s new in 7.10
- Getting started with Elasticsearch
- Set up Elasticsearch
- Installing Elasticsearch
- Configuring Elasticsearch
- Setting JVM options
- Secure settings
- Auditing settings
- Circuit breaker settings
- Cluster-level shard allocation and routing settings
- Cross-cluster replication settings
- Discovery and cluster formation settings
- Field data cache settings
- HTTP
- Index lifecycle management settings
- Index management settings
- Index recovery settings
- Indexing buffer settings
- License settings
- Local gateway settings
- Logging
- Machine learning settings
- Monitoring settings
- Node
- Network settings
- Node query cache settings
- Search settings
- Security settings
- Shard request cache settings
- Snapshot lifecycle management settings
- Transforms settings
- Transport
- Thread pools
- Watcher settings
- Important Elasticsearch configuration
- Important System Configuration
- Bootstrap Checks
- Heap size check
- File descriptor check
- Memory lock check
- Maximum number of threads check
- Max file size check
- Maximum size virtual memory check
- Maximum map count check
- Client JVM check
- Use serial collector check
- System call filter check
- OnError and OnOutOfMemoryError checks
- Early-access check
- G1GC check
- All permission check
- Discovery configuration check
- Bootstrap Checks for X-Pack
- Starting Elasticsearch
- Stopping Elasticsearch
- Discovery and cluster formation
- Add and remove nodes in your cluster
- Full-cluster restart and rolling restart
- Remote clusters
- Set up X-Pack
- Configuring X-Pack Java Clients
- Plugins
- Upgrade Elasticsearch
- Index modules
- Mapping
- Text analysis
- Overview
- Concepts
- Configure text analysis
- Built-in analyzer reference
- Tokenizer reference
- Token filter reference
- Apostrophe
- ASCII folding
- CJK bigram
- CJK width
- Classic
- Common grams
- Conditional
- Decimal digit
- Delimited payload
- Dictionary decompounder
- Edge n-gram
- Elision
- Fingerprint
- Flatten graph
- Hunspell
- Hyphenation decompounder
- Keep types
- Keep words
- Keyword marker
- Keyword repeat
- KStem
- Length
- Limit token count
- Lowercase
- MinHash
- Multiplexer
- N-gram
- Normalization
- Pattern capture
- Pattern replace
- Phonetic
- Porter stem
- Predicate script
- Remove duplicates
- Reverse
- Shingle
- Snowball
- Stemmer
- Stemmer override
- Stop
- Synonym
- Synonym graph
- Trim
- Truncate
- Unique
- Uppercase
- Word delimiter
- Word delimiter graph
- Character filters reference
- Normalizers
- Index templates
- Data streams
- Ingest node
- Search your data
- Query DSL
- Aggregations
- Bucket aggregations
- Adjacency matrix
- Auto-interval date histogram
- Children
- Composite
- Date histogram
- Date range
- Diversified sampler
- Filter
- Filters
- Geo-distance
- Geohash grid
- Geotile grid
- Global
- Histogram
- IP range
- Missing
- Nested
- Parent
- Range
- Rare terms
- Reverse nested
- Sampler
- Significant terms
- Significant text
- Terms
- Variable width histogram
- Subtleties of bucketing range fields
- Metrics aggregations
- Pipeline aggregations
- Bucket aggregations
- EQL
- SQL access
- Overview
- Getting Started with SQL
- Conventions and Terminology
- Security
- SQL REST API
- SQL Translate API
- SQL CLI
- SQL JDBC
- SQL ODBC
- SQL Client Applications
- SQL Language
- Functions and Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Math Operators
- Cast Operators
- LIKE and RLIKE Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Grouping Functions
- Date/Time and Interval Functions and Operators
- Full-Text Search Functions
- Mathematical Functions
- String Functions
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geo Functions
- Conditional Functions And Expressions
- System Functions
- Reserved keywords
- SQL Limitations
- Scripting
- Data management
- ILM: Manage the index lifecycle
- Overview
- Concepts
- Automate rollover
- Manage Filebeat time-based indices
- Index lifecycle actions
- Configure a lifecycle policy
- Migrate index allocation filters to node roles
- Resolve lifecycle policy execution errors
- Start and stop index lifecycle management
- Manage existing indices
- Skip rollover
- Restore a managed data stream or index
- Monitor a cluster
- Frozen indices
- Roll up or transform your data
- Set up a cluster for high availability
- Snapshot and restore
- Secure a cluster
- Overview
- Configuring security
- User authentication
- Built-in users
- Internal users
- Token-based authentication services
- Realms
- Realm chains
- Active Directory user authentication
- File-based user authentication
- LDAP user authentication
- Native user authentication
- OpenID Connect authentication
- PKI user authentication
- SAML authentication
- Kerberos authentication
- Integrating with other authentication systems
- Enabling anonymous access
- Controlling the user cache
- Configuring SAML single-sign-on on the Elastic Stack
- Configuring single sign-on to the Elastic Stack using OpenID Connect
- User authorization
- Built-in roles
- Defining roles
- Granting access to Stack Management features
- Security privileges
- Document level security
- Field level security
- Granting privileges for data streams and index aliases
- Mapping users and groups to roles
- Setting up field and document level security
- Submitting requests on behalf of other users
- Configuring authorization delegation
- Customizing roles and authorization
- Enabling audit logging
- Encrypting communications
- Restricting connections with IP filtering
- Cross cluster search, clients, and integrations
- Tutorial: Getting started with security
- Tutorial: Encrypting communications
- Troubleshooting
- Some settings are not returned via the nodes settings API
- Authorization exceptions
- Users command fails due to extra arguments
- Users are frequently locked out of Active Directory
- Certificate verification fails for curl on Mac
- SSLHandshakeException causes connections to fail
- Common SSL/TLS exceptions
- Common Kerberos exceptions
- Common SAML issues
- Internal Server Error in Kibana
- Setup-passwords command fails due to connection failure
- Failures due to relocation of the configuration files
- Limitations
- Watch for cluster and index events
- Command line tools
- How To
- Glossary of terms
- REST APIs
- API conventions
- Compact and aligned text (CAT) APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat anomaly detectors
- cat count
- cat data frame analytics
- cat datafeeds
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat snapshots
- cat task management
- cat templates
- cat thread pool
- cat trained model
- cat transforms
- Cluster APIs
- Cluster allocation explain
- Cluster get settings
- Cluster health
- Cluster reroute
- Cluster state
- Cluster stats
- Cluster update settings
- Nodes feature usage
- Nodes hot threads
- Nodes info
- Nodes reload secure settings
- Nodes stats
- Pending cluster tasks
- Remote cluster info
- Task management
- Voting configuration exclusions
- Cross-cluster replication APIs
- Data stream APIs
- Document APIs
- Enrich APIs
- Graph explore API
- Index APIs
- Add index alias
- Analyze
- Clear cache
- Clone index
- Close index
- Create index
- Delete index
- Delete index alias
- Delete component template
- Delete index template
- Delete index template (legacy)
- Flush
- Force merge
- Freeze index
- Get component template
- Get field mapping
- Get index
- Get index alias
- Get index settings
- Get index template
- Get index template (legacy)
- Get mapping
- Index alias exists
- Index exists
- Index recovery
- Index segments
- Index shard stores
- Index stats
- Index template exists (legacy)
- Open index
- Put index template
- Put index template (legacy)
- Put component template
- Put mapping
- Refresh
- Rollover index
- Shrink index
- Simulate index
- Simulate template
- Split index
- Synced flush
- Type exists
- Unfreeze index
- Update index alias
- Update index settings
- Resolve index
- List dangling indices
- Import dangling index
- Delete dangling index
- Index lifecycle management APIs
- Ingest APIs
- Info API
- Licensing APIs
- Machine learning anomaly detection APIs
- Add events to calendar
- Add jobs to calendar
- Close jobs
- Create jobs
- Create calendars
- Create datafeeds
- Create filters
- Delete calendars
- Delete datafeeds
- Delete events from calendar
- Delete filters
- Delete forecasts
- Delete jobs
- Delete jobs from calendar
- Delete model snapshots
- Delete expired data
- Estimate model memory
- Find file structure
- Flush jobs
- Forecast jobs
- Get buckets
- Get calendars
- Get categories
- Get datafeeds
- Get datafeed statistics
- Get influencers
- Get jobs
- Get job statistics
- Get machine learning info
- Get model snapshots
- Get overall buckets
- Get scheduled events
- Get filters
- Get records
- Open jobs
- Post data to jobs
- Preview datafeeds
- Revert model snapshots
- Set upgrade mode
- Start datafeeds
- Stop datafeeds
- Update datafeeds
- Update filters
- Update jobs
- Update model snapshots
- Machine learning data frame analytics APIs
- Create data frame analytics jobs
- Create trained models
- Update data frame analytics jobs
- Delete data frame analytics jobs
- Delete trained models
- Evaluate data frame analytics
- Explain data frame analytics
- Get data frame analytics jobs
- Get data frame analytics jobs stats
- Get trained models
- Get trained models stats
- Start data frame analytics jobs
- Stop data frame analytics jobs
- Migration APIs
- Reload search analyzers API
- Repositories metering APIs
- Rollup APIs
- Search APIs
- Searchable snapshots APIs
- Security APIs
- Authenticate
- Change passwords
- Clear cache
- Clear roles cache
- Clear privileges cache
- Clear API key cache
- Create API keys
- Create or update application privileges
- Create or update role mappings
- Create or update roles
- Create or update users
- Delegate PKI authentication
- Delete application privileges
- Delete role mappings
- Delete roles
- Delete users
- Disable users
- Enable users
- Get API key information
- Get application privileges
- Get builtin privileges
- Get role mappings
- Get roles
- Get token
- Get users
- Grant API keys
- Has privileges
- Invalidate API key
- Invalidate token
- OpenID Connect prepare authentication
- OpenID Connect authenticate
- OpenID Connect logout
- SAML prepare authentication
- SAML authenticate
- SAML logout
- SAML invalidate
- SSL certificate
- Snapshot and restore APIs
- Snapshot lifecycle management APIs
- Transform APIs
- Usage API
- Watcher APIs
- Definitions
- Migration guide
- Release notes
- Elasticsearch version 7.10.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.10.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.10.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.3
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.8.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.8.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-beta1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha1
- Dependencies and versions
Logfile audit output
editLogfile audit output
editThe logfile
audit output is the default output for auditing. It writes data to
the <clustername>_audit.json
file in the logs directory. To maintain
compatibility with releases prior to 6.5.0, a <clustername>_access.log
file
is also generated. They differ in the output format but the contents
are similar. For systems that are not ingesting the audit file for search or
analytics it is strongly recommended to keep only the newer format.
To turn off the deprecated output format, you can disable the logger in the
log4j2.properties
file:
# change info to off # logger.xpack_security_audit_deprecated_logfile.level = info logger.xpack_security_audit_deprecated_logfile.level = off
Alternatively, use the cluster update settings API to dynamically configure the logger:
PUT /_cluster/settings { "persistent": { "logger.org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.audit.logfile.DeprecatedLoggingAuditTrail": "off" } }
If you overwrite the log4j2.properties
and do not specify appenders for
any of the audit trails, audit events are forwarded to the root appender, which
by default points to the elasticsearch.log
file.
Log entry format
editThe log entries in the <clustername>_audit.json
file have the following format:
- Each log entry is a one line JSON document and each one is printed on a separate line.
-
The fields of a log entry are ordered. However, if a field does not have a value it
will not be printed. The precise line pattern, together with the complete field
order, are specified in the
log4j2.properties
config file. - The log entry does not contain nested inner JSON objects, i.e. the doc is flat.
- The field names follow a dotted notation to flatten inner objects.
- A field’s value can be a string, a number or an array of strings.
- A field’s value, a request body as well, will be escaped as per the JSON RFC 4627.
There is a list of audit event types specifying the set of fields for each sog entry type.
Deprecated log entry format
editThe log entries in the <clustername>_access.log
file have the following format:
[<timestamp>] [<local_node_info>] [<layer>] [<entry_type>] <attribute_list>
-
<timestamp>
-
When the event occurred. You can configure the
timestamp format in
log4j2.properties
. -
<local_node_info>
- Information about the local node that generated the log entry. You can control what node information is included by configuring the local node info settings.
-
<layer>
-
The layer from which this event originated:
rest
,transport
orip_filter
. -
<entry_type>
-
The type of event that occurred:
anonymous_access_denied
,authentication_failed
,access_denied
,access_granted
,connection_granted
,connection_denied
. -
<attribute_list>
-
A comma-separated list of key-value pairs that contain
data pertaining to the event. Formatted as
attr1=[val1], attr2=[val2]
. See Audit Entry Attributes for the attributes that can be included for each type of event.
Logfile output settings
editThe events and some other information about what gets logged can be
controlled using settings in the elasticsearch.yml
file. See
Audited Event Settings and
Local Node Info Settings.
No filtering is performed when auditing, so sensitive data may be audited in plain text when including the request body in audit events.
You can also configure how the logfile is written in the log4j2.properties
file located in ES_PATH_CONF
. By default, audit information is appended to the
<clustername>_audit.json
file located in the standard Elasticsearch logs
directory
(typically located at $ES_HOME/logs
). The file rolls over on a daily basis.
The deprecated logfile audit format (<clustername>_access.log
) can be disabled
from the same log4j2.properties
file (hint: look for the comment
instructing to set the log level to off
). The deprecated format is a duplication
of information that is in place to assure backwards compatibility. If you are
not strict about the audit format it is strongly recommended to only use the
<clustername>_audit.json
log appender.
Logfile audit events ignore policies
editThe comprehensive audit trail is necessary to ensure accountability. It offers tremendous value during incident response and can even be required for demonstrating compliance.
The drawback of an audited system is represented by the inevitable performance penalty incurred.
In all truth, the audit trail spends I/O ops that are not available anymore for the user’s queries.
Sometimes the verbosity of the audit trail may become a problem that the event type restrictions,
defined by include
and exclude
, will not alleviate.
Audit events ignore policies are a finer way to tune the verbosity of the audit trail. These policies define rules that match audit events which will be ignored (read as: not printed). Rules match on the values of attributes of audit events and complement the include/exclude method. Imagine the corpus of audit events and the policies chopping off unwanted events.
When utilizing audit events ignore policies you are acknowledging potential accountability gaps that could render illegitimate actions undetectable. Please take time to review these policies whenever your system architecture changes.
A policy is a named set of filter rules. Each filter rule applies to a single event attribute,
one of the users
, realms
, roles
or indices
attributes. The filter rule defines
a list of Lucene regexp, any of which has to match the value of the audit
event attribute for the rule to match.
A policy matches an event if all the rules comprising it match the event.
An audit event is ignored, therefore not printed, if it matches any policy. All other
non-matching events are printed as usual.
All policies are defined under the xpack.security.audit.logfile.events.ignore_filters
settings namespace. For example, the following policy named example1 matches
events from the kibana_system or admin_user principals and operating over indices of the
wildcard form app-logs*:
xpack.security.audit.logfile.events.ignore_filters: example1: users: ["kibana_system", "admin_user"] indices: ["app-logs*"]
An audit event generated by the kibana_system user and operating over multiple indices , some of which do not match the indices wildcard, will not match. As expected, operations generated by all other users (even operating only on indices that match the indices filter) will not match this policy either.
Audit events of different types may have different attributes.
If an event does not contain an attribute for which some policy defines filters, the
event will not match the policy.
For example, the following policy named example2, will never match authentication_success
or
authentication_failed
events, irrespective of the user’s roles, because these
event schemas do not contain the role
attribute:
xpack.security.audit.logfile.events.ignore_filters: example2: roles: ["admin", "ops_admin_*"]
Likewise, any events of users with multiple roles, some of which do not match the regexps will not match this policy.
For completeness, although practical use cases should be sparse, a filter can match
a missing attribute of an event, using the empty string ("") or the empty list ([]).
For example, the following policy will match events that do not have the indices
attribute (anonymous_access_denied
, authentication_success
and other types) as well
as events over the next index.
xpack.security.audit.logfile.events.ignore_filters: example3: indices: ["next", ""]
On this page