- Elasticsearch Guide: other versions:
- What is Elasticsearch?
- What’s new in 7.10
- Getting started with Elasticsearch
- Set up Elasticsearch
- Installing Elasticsearch
- Configuring Elasticsearch
- Setting JVM options
- Secure settings
- Auditing settings
- Circuit breaker settings
- Cluster-level shard allocation and routing settings
- Cross-cluster replication settings
- Discovery and cluster formation settings
- Field data cache settings
- HTTP
- Index lifecycle management settings
- Index management settings
- Index recovery settings
- Indexing buffer settings
- License settings
- Local gateway settings
- Logging
- Machine learning settings
- Monitoring settings
- Node
- Network settings
- Node query cache settings
- Search settings
- Security settings
- Shard request cache settings
- Snapshot lifecycle management settings
- Transforms settings
- Transport
- Thread pools
- Watcher settings
- Important Elasticsearch configuration
- Important System Configuration
- Bootstrap Checks
- Heap size check
- File descriptor check
- Memory lock check
- Maximum number of threads check
- Max file size check
- Maximum size virtual memory check
- Maximum map count check
- Client JVM check
- Use serial collector check
- System call filter check
- OnError and OnOutOfMemoryError checks
- Early-access check
- G1GC check
- All permission check
- Discovery configuration check
- Bootstrap Checks for X-Pack
- Starting Elasticsearch
- Stopping Elasticsearch
- Discovery and cluster formation
- Add and remove nodes in your cluster
- Full-cluster restart and rolling restart
- Remote clusters
- Set up X-Pack
- Configuring X-Pack Java Clients
- Plugins
- Upgrade Elasticsearch
- Index modules
- Mapping
- Text analysis
- Overview
- Concepts
- Configure text analysis
- Built-in analyzer reference
- Tokenizer reference
- Token filter reference
- Apostrophe
- ASCII folding
- CJK bigram
- CJK width
- Classic
- Common grams
- Conditional
- Decimal digit
- Delimited payload
- Dictionary decompounder
- Edge n-gram
- Elision
- Fingerprint
- Flatten graph
- Hunspell
- Hyphenation decompounder
- Keep types
- Keep words
- Keyword marker
- Keyword repeat
- KStem
- Length
- Limit token count
- Lowercase
- MinHash
- Multiplexer
- N-gram
- Normalization
- Pattern capture
- Pattern replace
- Phonetic
- Porter stem
- Predicate script
- Remove duplicates
- Reverse
- Shingle
- Snowball
- Stemmer
- Stemmer override
- Stop
- Synonym
- Synonym graph
- Trim
- Truncate
- Unique
- Uppercase
- Word delimiter
- Word delimiter graph
- Character filters reference
- Normalizers
- Index templates
- Data streams
- Ingest node
- Search your data
- Query DSL
- Aggregations
- Bucket aggregations
- Adjacency matrix
- Auto-interval date histogram
- Children
- Composite
- Date histogram
- Date range
- Diversified sampler
- Filter
- Filters
- Geo-distance
- Geohash grid
- Geotile grid
- Global
- Histogram
- IP range
- Missing
- Nested
- Parent
- Range
- Rare terms
- Reverse nested
- Sampler
- Significant terms
- Significant text
- Terms
- Variable width histogram
- Subtleties of bucketing range fields
- Metrics aggregations
- Pipeline aggregations
- Bucket aggregations
- EQL
- SQL access
- Overview
- Getting Started with SQL
- Conventions and Terminology
- Security
- SQL REST API
- SQL Translate API
- SQL CLI
- SQL JDBC
- SQL ODBC
- SQL Client Applications
- SQL Language
- Functions and Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Math Operators
- Cast Operators
- LIKE and RLIKE Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Grouping Functions
- Date/Time and Interval Functions and Operators
- Full-Text Search Functions
- Mathematical Functions
- String Functions
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geo Functions
- Conditional Functions And Expressions
- System Functions
- Reserved keywords
- SQL Limitations
- Scripting
- Data management
- ILM: Manage the index lifecycle
- Overview
- Concepts
- Automate rollover
- Manage Filebeat time-based indices
- Index lifecycle actions
- Configure a lifecycle policy
- Migrate index allocation filters to node roles
- Resolve lifecycle policy execution errors
- Start and stop index lifecycle management
- Manage existing indices
- Skip rollover
- Restore a managed data stream or index
- Monitor a cluster
- Frozen indices
- Roll up or transform your data
- Set up a cluster for high availability
- Snapshot and restore
- Secure a cluster
- Overview
- Configuring security
- User authentication
- Built-in users
- Internal users
- Token-based authentication services
- Realms
- Realm chains
- Active Directory user authentication
- File-based user authentication
- LDAP user authentication
- Native user authentication
- OpenID Connect authentication
- PKI user authentication
- SAML authentication
- Kerberos authentication
- Integrating with other authentication systems
- Enabling anonymous access
- Controlling the user cache
- Configuring SAML single-sign-on on the Elastic Stack
- Configuring single sign-on to the Elastic Stack using OpenID Connect
- User authorization
- Built-in roles
- Defining roles
- Granting access to Stack Management features
- Security privileges
- Document level security
- Field level security
- Granting privileges for data streams and index aliases
- Mapping users and groups to roles
- Setting up field and document level security
- Submitting requests on behalf of other users
- Configuring authorization delegation
- Customizing roles and authorization
- Enabling audit logging
- Encrypting communications
- Restricting connections with IP filtering
- Cross cluster search, clients, and integrations
- Tutorial: Getting started with security
- Tutorial: Encrypting communications
- Troubleshooting
- Some settings are not returned via the nodes settings API
- Authorization exceptions
- Users command fails due to extra arguments
- Users are frequently locked out of Active Directory
- Certificate verification fails for curl on Mac
- SSLHandshakeException causes connections to fail
- Common SSL/TLS exceptions
- Common Kerberos exceptions
- Common SAML issues
- Internal Server Error in Kibana
- Setup-passwords command fails due to connection failure
- Failures due to relocation of the configuration files
- Limitations
- Watch for cluster and index events
- Command line tools
- How To
- Glossary of terms
- REST APIs
- API conventions
- Compact and aligned text (CAT) APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat anomaly detectors
- cat count
- cat data frame analytics
- cat datafeeds
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat snapshots
- cat task management
- cat templates
- cat thread pool
- cat trained model
- cat transforms
- Cluster APIs
- Cluster allocation explain
- Cluster get settings
- Cluster health
- Cluster reroute
- Cluster state
- Cluster stats
- Cluster update settings
- Nodes feature usage
- Nodes hot threads
- Nodes info
- Nodes reload secure settings
- Nodes stats
- Pending cluster tasks
- Remote cluster info
- Task management
- Voting configuration exclusions
- Cross-cluster replication APIs
- Data stream APIs
- Document APIs
- Enrich APIs
- Graph explore API
- Index APIs
- Add index alias
- Analyze
- Clear cache
- Clone index
- Close index
- Create index
- Delete index
- Delete index alias
- Delete component template
- Delete index template
- Delete index template (legacy)
- Flush
- Force merge
- Freeze index
- Get component template
- Get field mapping
- Get index
- Get index alias
- Get index settings
- Get index template
- Get index template (legacy)
- Get mapping
- Index alias exists
- Index exists
- Index recovery
- Index segments
- Index shard stores
- Index stats
- Index template exists (legacy)
- Open index
- Put index template
- Put index template (legacy)
- Put component template
- Put mapping
- Refresh
- Rollover index
- Shrink index
- Simulate index
- Simulate template
- Split index
- Synced flush
- Type exists
- Unfreeze index
- Update index alias
- Update index settings
- Resolve index
- List dangling indices
- Import dangling index
- Delete dangling index
- Index lifecycle management APIs
- Ingest APIs
- Info API
- Licensing APIs
- Machine learning anomaly detection APIs
- Add events to calendar
- Add jobs to calendar
- Close jobs
- Create jobs
- Create calendars
- Create datafeeds
- Create filters
- Delete calendars
- Delete datafeeds
- Delete events from calendar
- Delete filters
- Delete forecasts
- Delete jobs
- Delete jobs from calendar
- Delete model snapshots
- Delete expired data
- Estimate model memory
- Find file structure
- Flush jobs
- Forecast jobs
- Get buckets
- Get calendars
- Get categories
- Get datafeeds
- Get datafeed statistics
- Get influencers
- Get jobs
- Get job statistics
- Get machine learning info
- Get model snapshots
- Get overall buckets
- Get scheduled events
- Get filters
- Get records
- Open jobs
- Post data to jobs
- Preview datafeeds
- Revert model snapshots
- Set upgrade mode
- Start datafeeds
- Stop datafeeds
- Update datafeeds
- Update filters
- Update jobs
- Update model snapshots
- Machine learning data frame analytics APIs
- Create data frame analytics jobs
- Create trained models
- Update data frame analytics jobs
- Delete data frame analytics jobs
- Delete trained models
- Evaluate data frame analytics
- Explain data frame analytics
- Get data frame analytics jobs
- Get data frame analytics jobs stats
- Get trained models
- Get trained models stats
- Start data frame analytics jobs
- Stop data frame analytics jobs
- Migration APIs
- Reload search analyzers API
- Repositories metering APIs
- Rollup APIs
- Search APIs
- Searchable snapshots APIs
- Security APIs
- Authenticate
- Change passwords
- Clear cache
- Clear roles cache
- Clear privileges cache
- Clear API key cache
- Create API keys
- Create or update application privileges
- Create or update role mappings
- Create or update roles
- Create or update users
- Delegate PKI authentication
- Delete application privileges
- Delete role mappings
- Delete roles
- Delete users
- Disable users
- Enable users
- Get API key information
- Get application privileges
- Get builtin privileges
- Get role mappings
- Get roles
- Get token
- Get users
- Grant API keys
- Has privileges
- Invalidate API key
- Invalidate token
- OpenID Connect prepare authentication
- OpenID Connect authenticate
- OpenID Connect logout
- SAML prepare authentication
- SAML authenticate
- SAML logout
- SAML invalidate
- SSL certificate
- Snapshot and restore APIs
- Snapshot lifecycle management APIs
- Transform APIs
- Usage API
- Watcher APIs
- Definitions
- Migration guide
- Release notes
- Elasticsearch version 7.10.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.10.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.10.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.3
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.9.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.8.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.8.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-beta1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha1
- Dependencies and versions
LDAP user authentication
editLDAP user authentication
editYou can configure the Elastic Stack security features to communicate with a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server to authenticate users. See Configuring an LDAP realm.
LDAP stores users and groups hierarchically, similar to the way folders are
grouped in a file system. An LDAP directory’s hierarchy is built from containers
such as the organizational unit (ou
), organization (o
), and
domain controller (dc
).
The path to an entry is a Distinguished Name (DN) that uniquely identifies a
user or group. User and group names typically have attributes such as a
common name (cn
) or unique ID (uid
). A DN is specified as a string,
for example "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com"
(white spaces are ignored).
The ldap
realm supports two modes of operation, a user search mode
and a mode with specific templates for user DNs.
Mapping LDAP groups to roles
editAn integral part of a realm authentication process is to resolve the roles associated with the authenticated user. Roles define the privileges a user has in the cluster.
Since with the ldap
realm the users are managed externally in the LDAP server,
the expectation is that their roles are managed there as well. In fact, LDAP
supports the notion of groups, which often represent user roles for different
systems in the organization.
The ldap
realm enables you to map LDAP users to roles via their LDAP
groups or other metadata. This role mapping can be configured via the
add role mapping API or by using a
file stored on each node. When a user authenticates with LDAP, the privileges
for that user are the union of all privileges defined by the roles to which
the user is mapped.
Configuring an LDAP realm
editTo integrate with LDAP, you configure an ldap
realm and map LDAP groups to
user roles.
-
Determine which mode you want to use. The
ldap
realm supports two modes of operation, a user search mode and a mode with specific templates for user DNs.LDAP user search is the most common mode of operation. In this mode, a specific user with permission to search the LDAP directory is used to search for the DN of the authenticating user based on the provided username and an LDAP attribute. Once found, the user is authenticated by attempting to bind to the LDAP server using the found DN and the provided password.
If your LDAP environment uses a few specific standard naming conditions for users, you can use user DN templates to configure the realm. The advantage of this method is that a search does not have to be performed to find the user DN. However, multiple bind operations might be needed to find the correct user DN.
-
To configure an
ldap
realm with user search:-
Add a realm configuration to
elasticsearch.yml
under thexpack.security.authc.realms.ldap
namespace. At a minimum, you must specify theurl
of the LDAP server, and setuser_search.base_dn
to the container DN where the users are searched for. If you are configuring multiple realms, you should also explicitly set theorder
attribute to control the order in which the realms are consulted during authentication. See LDAP realm settings for all of the options you can set for anldap
realm.For example, the following snippet shows an LDAP realm configured with a user search:
xpack: security: authc: realms: ldap: ldap1: order: 0 url: "ldaps://ldap.example.com:636" bind_dn: "cn=ldapuser, ou=users, o=services, dc=example, dc=com" user_search: base_dn: "dc=example,dc=com" filter: "(cn={0})" group_search: base_dn: "dc=example,dc=com" files: role_mapping: "ES_PATH_CONF/role_mapping.yml" unmapped_groups_as_roles: false
The password for the
bind_dn
user should be configured by adding the appropriatesecure_bind_password
setting to the Elasticsearch keystore. For example, the following command adds the password for the example realm above:bin/elasticsearch-keystore add \ xpack.security.authc.realms.ldap.ldap1.secure_bind_password
When you configure realms in
elasticsearch.yml
, only the realms you specify are used for authentication. If you also want to use thenative
orfile
realms, you must include them in the realm chain.
-
-
To configure an
ldap
realm with user DN templates:-
Add a realm configuration to
elasticsearch.yml
in thexpack.security.authc.realms.ldap
namespace. At a minimum, you must specify theurl
of the LDAP server, and specify at least one template with theuser_dn_templates
option. If you are configuring multiple realms, you should also explicitly set theorder
attribute to control the order in which the realms are consulted during authentication. See LDAP realm settings for all of the options you can set for anldap
realm.For example, the following snippet shows an LDAP realm configured with user DN templates:
xpack: security: authc: realms: ldap: ldap1: order: 0 url: "ldaps://ldap.example.com:636" user_dn_templates: - "cn={0}, ou=users, o=marketing, dc=example, dc=com" - "cn={0}, ou=users, o=engineering, dc=example, dc=com" group_search: base_dn: "dc=example,dc=com" files: role_mapping: "/mnt/elasticsearch/group_to_role_mapping.yml" unmapped_groups_as_roles: false
The
bind_dn
setting is not used in template mode. All LDAP operations run as the authenticating user.
-
-
(Optional) Configure how the security features interact with multiple LDAP servers.
The
load_balance.type
setting can be used at the realm level. The Elasticsearch security features support both failover and load balancing modes of operation. See LDAP realm settings. - (Optional) To protect passwords, encrypt communications between Elasticsearch and the LDAP server.
- Restart Elasticsearch.
-
Map LDAP groups to roles.
The
ldap
realm enables you to map LDAP users to roles via their LDAP groups, or other metadata. This role mapping can be configured via the add role mapping API or by using a file stored on each node. When a user authenticates with LDAP, the privileges for that user are the union of all privileges defined by the roles to which the user is mapped.Within a mapping definition, you specify groups using their distinguished names. For example, the following mapping configuration maps the LDAP
admins
group to both themonitoring
anduser
roles, and maps theusers
group to theuser
role.Configured via the role-mapping API:
PUT /_security/role_mapping/admins { "roles" : [ "monitoring" , "user" ], "rules" : { "field" : { "groups" : "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com" } }, "enabled": true }
PUT /_security/role_mapping/basic_users { "roles" : [ "user" ], "rules" : { "field" : { "groups" : "cn=users,dc=example,dc=com" } }, "enabled": true }
Or, alternatively, configured via the role-mapping file:
monitoring: - "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com" user: - "cn=users,dc=example,dc=com" - "cn=admins,dc=example,dc=com"
The name of the mapped role.
The LDAP distinguished name (DN) of the
admins
group.The LDAP distinguished name (DN) of the
users
group.For more information, see Mapping LDAP groups to roles and Mapping users and groups to roles.
The LDAP realm supports authorization realms as an alternative to role mapping.
-
(Optional) Configure the
metadata
setting on the LDAP realm to include extra fields in the user’s metadata.By default,
ldap_dn
andldap_groups
are populated in the user’s metadata. For more information, see User metadata in LDAP realms.The example below includes the user’s common name (
cn
) as an additional field in their metadata.xpack: security: authc: realms: ldap: ldap1: metadata: cn
- Set up SSL to encrypt communications between Elasticsearch and LDAP. See Encrypting communications between Elasticsearch and LDAP.
User metadata in LDAP realms
editWhen a user is authenticated via an LDAP realm, the following properties are populated in the user’s metadata:
Field |
Description |
|
The distinguished name of the user. |
|
The distinguished name of each of the groups that were resolved for the user (regardless of whether those groups were mapped to a role). |
This metadata is returned in the authenticate API, and can be used with templated queries in roles.
Additional fields can be included in the user’s metadata by configuring
the metadata
setting on the LDAP realm. This metadata is available for use
with the role mapping API or in
templated role queries.
Load balancing and failover
editThe load_balance.type
setting can be used at the realm level to configure how
the security features should interact with multiple LDAP servers. The
security features support both failover and load balancing modes of operation.
On this page