- Elasticsearch Guide: other versions:
- Getting Started
- Set up Elasticsearch
- Installing Elasticsearch
- Configuring Elasticsearch
- Important Elasticsearch configuration
- Important System Configuration
- Bootstrap Checks
- Heap size check
- File descriptor check
- Memory lock check
- Maximum number of threads check
- Maximum size virtual memory check
- Max file size check
- Maximum map count check
- Client JVM check
- Use serial collector check
- System call filter check
- OnError and OnOutOfMemoryError checks
- Early-access check
- G1GC check
- Stopping Elasticsearch
- Upgrade Elasticsearch
- Set up X-Pack
- Breaking changes
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- Aggregations changes
- Analysis changes
- Cat API changes
- Clients changes
- Cluster changes
- Document API changes
- Indices changes
- Ingest changes
- Java API changes
- Mapping changes
- Packaging changes
- Percolator changes
- Plugins changes
- Reindex changes
- REST changes
- Scripting changes
- Search and Query DSL changes
- Settings changes
- Stats and info changes
- Breaking changes in 6.1
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- X-Pack Breaking Changes
- API Conventions
- Document APIs
- Search APIs
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- Avg Aggregation
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- Geo Bounds Aggregation
- Geo Centroid Aggregation
- Max Aggregation
- Min Aggregation
- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top Hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- Adjacency Matrix Aggregation
- Children Aggregation
- Composite Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Diversified Sampler Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation
- GeoHash grid Aggregation
- Global Aggregation
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation
- Range Aggregation
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation
- Bucket Script Aggregation
- Bucket Selector Aggregation
- Bucket Sort Aggregation
- Serial Differencing Aggregation
- Matrix Aggregations
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Metrics Aggregations
- Indices APIs
- Create Index
- Delete Index
- Get Index
- Indices Exists
- Open / Close Index API
- Shrink Index
- Split Index
- Rollover Index
- Put Mapping
- Get Mapping
- Get Field Mapping
- Types Exists
- Index Aliases
- Update Indices Settings
- Get Settings
- Analyze
- Index Templates
- Indices Stats
- Indices Segments
- Indices Recovery
- Indices Shard Stores
- Clear Cache
- Flush
- Refresh
- Force Merge
- cat APIs
- Cluster APIs
- Query DSL
- Mapping
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer
- Testing analyzers
- Analyzers
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers
- Token Filters
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Character Filters
- Modules
- Index Modules
- Ingest Node
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Append Processor
- Convert Processor
- Date Processor
- Date Index Name Processor
- Fail Processor
- Foreach Processor
- Grok Processor
- Gsub Processor
- Join Processor
- JSON Processor
- KV Processor
- Lowercase Processor
- Remove Processor
- Rename Processor
- Script Processor
- Set Processor
- Split Processor
- Sort Processor
- Trim Processor
- Uppercase Processor
- Dot Expander Processor
- URL Decode Processor
- Monitoring Elasticsearch
- X-Pack APIs
- Info API
- Explore API
- Machine Learning APIs
- Close Jobs
- Create Datafeeds
- Create Jobs
- Delete Datafeeds
- Delete Jobs
- Delete Model Snapshots
- Flush Jobs
- Forecast Jobs
- Get Buckets
- Get Overall Buckets
- Get Categories
- Get Datafeeds
- Get Datafeed Statistics
- Get Influencers
- Get Jobs
- Get Job Statistics
- Get Model Snapshots
- Get Records
- Open Jobs
- Post Data to Jobs
- Preview Datafeeds
- Revert Model Snapshots
- Start Datafeeds
- Stop Datafeeds
- Update Datafeeds
- Update Jobs
- Update Model Snapshots
- Security APIs
- Watcher APIs
- Migration APIs
- Deprecation Info APIs
- Definitions
- X-Pack Commands
- How To
- Testing
- Glossary of terms
- Release Notes
- 6.1.4 Release Notes
- 6.1.3 Release Notes
- 6.1.2 Release Notes
- 6.1.1 Release Notes
- 6.1.0 Release Notes
- 6.0.1 Release Notes
- 6.0.0 Release Notes
- 6.0.0-rc2 Release Notes
- 6.0.0-rc1 Release Notes
- 6.0.0-beta2 Release Notes
- 6.0.0-beta1 Release Notes
- 6.0.0-alpha2 Release Notes
- 6.0.0-alpha1 Release Notes
- 6.0.0-alpha1 Release Notes (Changes previously released in 5.x)
- X-Pack Release Notes
WARNING: Version 6.1 of Elasticsearch has passed its EOL date.
This documentation is no longer being maintained and may be removed. If you are running this version, we strongly advise you to upgrade. For the latest information, see the current release documentation.
Translog
editTranslog
editChanges to Lucene are only persisted to disk during a Lucene commit, which is a relatively expensive operation and so cannot be performed after every index or delete operation. Changes that happen after one commit and before another will be removed from the index by Lucene in the event of process exit or hardware failure.
Because Lucene commits are too expensive to perform on every individual change, each shard copy also has a transaction log known as its translog associated with it. All index and delete operations are written to the translog after being processed by the internal Lucene index but before they are acknowledged. In the event of a crash, recent transactions that have been acknowledged but not yet included in the last Lucene commit can instead be recovered from the translog when the shard recovers.
An Elasticsearch flush is the process of performing a Lucene commit and starting a new translog. Flushes are performed automatically in the background in order to make sure the translog doesn’t grow too large, which would make replaying its operations take a considerable amount of time during recovery. The ability to perform a flush manually is also exposed through an API, although this is rarely needed.
Translog settings
editThe data in the translog is only persisted to disk when the translog is
fsync
ed and committed. In the event of hardware failure, any data written
since the previous translog commit will be lost.
By default, Elasticsearch fsync
s and commits the translog every 5 seconds
if index.translog.durability
is set to async
or if set to request
(default) at the end of every index, delete,
update, or bulk request. More precisely, if set
to request
, Elasticsearch will only report success of an index, delete,
update, or bulk request to the client after the translog has been successfully
fsync
ed and committed on the primary and on every allocated replica.
The following dynamically updatable per-index settings control the behaviour of the translog:
-
index.translog.sync_interval
-
How often the translog is
fsync
ed to disk and committed, regardless of write operations. Defaults to5s
. Values less than100ms
are not allowed. -
index.translog.durability
-
Whether or not to
fsync
and commit the translog after every index, delete, update, or bulk request. This setting accepts the following parameters:-
request
-
(default)
fsync
and commit after every request. In the event of hardware failure, all acknowledged writes will already have been committed to disk. -
async
-
fsync
and commit in the background everysync_interval
. In the event of hardware failure, all acknowledged writes since the last automatic commit will be discarded.
-
-
index.translog.flush_threshold_size
-
The translog stores all operations that are not yet safely persisted in Lucene
(i.e., are not part of a Lucene commit point). Although these operations are
available for reads, they will need to be reindexed if the shard was to
shutdown and has to be recovered. This settings controls the maximum total size
of these operations, to prevent recoveries from taking too long. Once the
maximum size has been reached a flush will happen, generating a new Lucene
commit point. Defaults to
512mb
. -
index.translog.retention.size
-
The total size of translog files to keep. Keeping more translog files increases
the chance of performing an operation based sync when recovering replicas. If
the translog files are not sufficient, replica recovery will fall back to a
file based sync. Defaults to
512mb
-
index.translog.retention.age
-
The maximum duration for which translog files will be kept. Defaults to
12h
.
What to do if the translog becomes corrupted?
editIn some cases (a bad drive, user error) the translog on a shard copy can become corrupted. When this corruption is detected by Elasticsearch due to mismatching checksums, Elasticsearch will fail that shard copy and refuse to use that copy of the data. If there are other copies of the shard available then Elasticsearch will automatically recover from one of them using the normal shard allocation and recovery mechanism. In particular, if the corrupt shard copy was the primary when the corruption was detected then one of its replicas will be promoted in its place.
If there is no copy of the data from which Elasticsearch can recover
successfully, a user may want to recover the data that is part of the shard at
the cost of losing the data that is currently contained in the translog. We
provide a command-line tool for this, elasticsearch-translog
.
The elasticsearch-translog
tool should not be run while Elasticsearch is
running, and you will permanently lose the documents that were contained only in
the translog!
In order to run the elasticsearch-translog
tool, specify the truncate
subcommand as well as the directory for the corrupted translog with the -d
option:
$ bin/elasticsearch-translog truncate -d /var/lib/elasticsearchdata/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/ Checking existing translog files !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! WARNING: Elasticsearch MUST be stopped before running this tool ! ! ! ! WARNING: Documents inside of translog files will be lost ! ! ! ! WARNING: The following files will be DELETED! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! --> data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/translog-41.ckp --> data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/translog-6.ckp --> data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/translog-37.ckp --> data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/translog-24.ckp --> data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/translog-11.ckp Continue and DELETE files? [y/N] y Reading translog UUID information from Lucene commit from shard at [data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/index] Translog Generation: 3 Translog UUID : AxqC4rocTC6e0fwsljAh-Q Removing existing translog files Creating new empty checkpoint at [data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/translog.ckp] Creating new empty translog at [data/nodes/0/indices/P45vf_YQRhqjfwLMUvSqDw/0/translog/translog-3.tlog] Done.
You can also use the -h
option to get a list of all options and parameters
that the elasticsearch-translog
tool supports.