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Elastic Docs ›Elasticsearch Reference [6.1] ›Query DSL ›Term level queries

Exists Query

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Exists Query

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Returns documents that have at least one non-null value in the original field:

GET /_search
{
    "query": {
        "exists" : { "field" : "user" }
    }
}

For instance, these documents would all match the above query:

{ "user": "jane" }
{ "user": "" } 
{ "user": "-" } 
{ "user": ["jane"] }
{ "user": ["jane", null ] }

An empty string is a non-null value.

Even though the standard analyzer would emit zero tokens, the original field is non-null.

At least one non-null value is required.

These documents would not match the above query:

{ "user": null }
{ "user": [] } 
{ "user": [null] } 
{ "foo":  "bar" }

This field has no values.

At least one non-null value is required.

The user field is missing completely.

null_value mapping

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If the field mapping includes the null_value setting then explicit null values are replaced with the specified null_value. For instance, if the user field were mapped as follows:

PUT /example
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties": {
        "user": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "null_value": "_null_"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

then explicit null values would be indexed as the string _null_, and the following docs would match the exists filter:

{ "user": null }
{ "user": [null] }

However, these docs—​without explicit null values—​would still have no values in the user field and thus would not match the exists filter:

{ "user": [] }
{ "foo": "bar" }

missing query

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There isn’t a missing query. Instead use the exists query inside a must_not clause as follows:

GET /_search
{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "must_not": {
                "exists": {
                    "field": "user"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

This query returns documents that have no value in the user field.

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