Full-Text Search Functions
editFull-Text Search Functions
editSearch functions should be used when performing full-text search, namely
when the MATCH
or QUERY
predicates are being used.
Outside a, so-called, search context, these functions will return default values
such as 0
or NULL
.
Elasticsearch SQL optimizes all queries executed against Elasticsearch depending on the scoring needs.
Using track_scores
on the search request or _doc
sorting that
disables scores calculation, Elasticsearch SQL instructs Elasticsearch not to compute scores when these are not needed.
For example, every time a SCORE()
function is encountered in the SQL query, the scores are computed.
MATCH
editSynopsis:
Input:
Description: A full-text search option, in the form of a predicate, available in Elasticsearch SQL that gives the user control over powerful match and multi_match Elasticsearch queries.
The first parameter is the field or fields to match against. In case it receives one value only, Elasticsearch SQL will use a match
query to perform the search:
SELECT author, name FROM library WHERE MATCH(author, 'frank'); author | name ---------------+------------------- Frank Herbert |Dune Frank Herbert |Dune Messiah Frank Herbert |Children of Dune Frank Herbert |God Emperor of Dune
However, it can also receive a list of fields and their corresponding optional boost
value. In this case, Elasticsearch SQL will use a
multi_match
query to match the documents:
SELECT author, name, SCORE() FROM library WHERE MATCH('author^2,name^5', 'frank dune'); author | name | SCORE() ---------------+-------------------+--------------- Frank Herbert |Dune |11.443176 Frank Herbert |Dune Messiah |9.446629 Frank Herbert |Children of Dune |8.043278 Frank Herbert |God Emperor of Dune|7.0029488
The multi_match
query in Elasticsearch has the option of per-field boosting that gives preferential weight
(in terms of scoring) to fields being searched in, using the ^
character. In the example above, the name
field has a greater weight in
the final score than the author
field when searching for frank dune
text in both of them.
Both options above can be used in combination with the optional third parameter of the MATCH()
predicate, where one can specify
additional configuration parameters (separated by semicolon ;
) for either match
or multi_match
queries. For example:
SELECT author, name, SCORE() FROM library WHERE MATCH(name, 'to the star', 'operator=OR;fuzziness=AUTO:1,5;minimum_should_match=1') ORDER BY SCORE() DESC LIMIT 2; author | name | SCORE() -----------------+------------------------------------+--------------- Douglas Adams |The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|3.1756816 Peter F. Hamilton|Pandora's Star |3.0997515
The allowed optional parameters for a single-field MATCH()
variant (for the match
Elasticsearch query) are: analyzer
, auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query
,
lenient
, fuzziness
, fuzzy_transpositions
, fuzzy_rewrite
, minimum_should_match
, operator
,
max_expansions
, prefix_length
.
The allowed optional parameters for a multi-field MATCH()
variant (for the multi_match
Elasticsearch query) are: analyzer
, auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query
,
lenient
, fuzziness
, fuzzy_transpositions
, fuzzy_rewrite
, minimum_should_match
, operator
,
max_expansions
, prefix_length
, slop
, tie_breaker
, type
.
QUERY
editSynopsis:
Input:
Description: Just like MATCH
, QUERY
is a full-text search predicate that gives the user control over the query_string query in Elasticsearch.
The first parameter is basically the input that will be passed as is to the query_string
query, which means that anything that query_string
accepts in its query
field can be used here as well:
SELECT author, name, SCORE() FROM library WHERE QUERY('name:dune'); author | name | SCORE() ---------------+-------------------+--------------- Frank Herbert |Dune |2.2886353 Frank Herbert |Dune Messiah |1.8893257 Frank Herbert |Children of Dune |1.6086556 Frank Herbert |God Emperor of Dune|1.4005898
A more advanced example, showing more of the features that query_string
supports, of course possible with Elasticsearch SQL:
SELECT author, name, page_count, SCORE() FROM library WHERE QUERY('_exists_:"author" AND page_count:>200 AND (name:/star.*/ OR name:duna~)'); author | name | page_count | SCORE() ------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------- Frank Herbert |Dune |604 |3.7164764 Frank Herbert |Dune Messiah |331 |3.4169943 Frank Herbert |Children of Dune |408 |3.2064917 Frank Herbert |God Emperor of Dune|454 |3.0504425 Peter F. Hamilton |Pandora's Star |768 |3.0 Robert A. Heinlein|Starship Troopers |335 |3.0
The query above uses the _exists_
query to select documents that have values in the author
field, a range query for page_count
and
regex and fuzziness queries for the name
field.
If one needs to customize various configuration options that query_string
exposes, this can be done using the second optional parameter.
Multiple settings can be specified separated by a semicolon ;
:
SELECT author, name, SCORE() FROM library WHERE QUERY('dune god', 'default_operator=and;default_field=name'); author | name | SCORE() ---------------+-------------------+--------------- Frank Herbert |God Emperor of Dune|3.6984892
The allowed optional parameters for QUERY()
are: allow_leading_wildcard
, analyze_wildcard
, analyzer
,
auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query
, default_field
, default_operator
, enable_position_increments
,
escape
, fuzziness
, fuzzy_max_expansions
, fuzzy_prefix_length
, fuzzy_rewrite
, fuzzy_transpositions
,
lenient
, max_determinized_states
, minimum_should_match
, phrase_slop
, rewrite
, quote_analyzer
,
quote_field_suffix
, tie_breaker
, time_zone
, type
.
SCORE
editSynopsis:
SCORE()
Input: none
Output: double
numeric value
Description: Returns the relevance of a given input to the executed query. The higher score, the more relevant the data.
When doing multiple text queries in the WHERE
clause then, their scores will be
combined using the same rules as Elasticsearch’s
bool query.
Typically SCORE
is used for ordering the results of a query based on their relevance:
SELECT SCORE(), * FROM library WHERE MATCH(name, 'dune') ORDER BY SCORE() DESC; SCORE() | author | name | page_count | release_date ---------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+-------------------- 2.2886353 |Frank Herbert |Dune |604 |1965-06-01T00:00:00Z 1.8893257 |Frank Herbert |Dune Messiah |331 |1969-10-15T00:00:00Z 1.6086556 |Frank Herbert |Children of Dune |408 |1976-04-21T00:00:00Z 1.4005898 |Frank Herbert |God Emperor of Dune|454 |1981-05-28T00:00:00Z
However, it is perfectly fine to return the score without sorting by it:
SELECT SCORE() AS score, name, release_date FROM library WHERE QUERY('dune') ORDER BY YEAR(release_date) DESC; score | name | release_date ---------------+-------------------+-------------------- 1.4005898 |God Emperor of Dune|1981-05-28T00:00:00Z 1.6086556 |Children of Dune |1976-04-21T00:00:00Z 1.8893257 |Dune Messiah |1969-10-15T00:00:00Z 2.2886353 |Dune |1965-06-01T00:00:00Z