Common SAML issues

Some of the common SAML problems are shown below with tips on how to resolve these issues.

Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
Cannot find any matching realm for [SamlPrepareAuthenticationRequest{realmName=saml1,
assertionConsumerServiceURL=https://my.kibana.url/api/security/saml/callback}]
```
Resolution:

In order to initiate a SAML authentication, Kibana needs to know which SAML realm it should use from the ones that are configured in Elasticsearch. You can use the xpack.security.authc.providers.saml.<provider-name>.realm setting to explicitly set the SAML realm name in Kibana. It must match the name of the SAML realm that is configured in Elasticsearch.

If you get an error like the one above, it possibly means that the value of xpack.security.authc.providers.saml.<provider-name>.realm in your Kibana configuration is wrong. Verify that it matches the name of the configured realm in Elasticsearch, which is the string after xpack.security.authc.realms.saml. in your Elasticsearch configuration.
Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
Authentication to realm saml1 failed - Provided SAML response is not valid for realm
saml/saml1 (Caused by ElasticsearchSecurityException[Conditions
[https://5aadb9778c594cc3aad0efc126a0f92e.kibana.company....ple.com/]
do not match required audience
[https://5aadb9778c594cc3aad0efc126a0f92e.kibana.company.example.com]])
```
Resolution:

We received a SAML response that is addressed to another SAML Service Provider. This usually means that the configured SAML Service Provider Entity ID in elasticsearch.yml (sp.entity_id) does not match what has been configured as the SAML Service Provider Entity ID in the SAML Identity Provider documentation.

To resolve this issue, ensure that both the saml realm in Elasticsearch and the IdP are configured with the same string for the SAML Entity ID of the Service Provider.

In the Elasticsearch log, just before the exception message (above), there will also be one or more INFO level messages of the form
```
Audience restriction
[https://5aadb9778c594cc3aad0efc126a0f92e.kibana.company.example.com/]
does not match required audience
[https://5aadb9778c594cc3aad0efc126a0f92e.kibana.company.example.com]
(difference starts at character [#68] [/] vs [])
```
This log message can assist in determining the difference between the value that was received from the IdP and the value at has been configured in Elasticsearch. The text in parentheses that describes the difference between the two audience identifiers will only be shown if the two strings are considered to be similar.

These strings are compared as case-sensitive strings and not as canonicalized URLs even when the values are URL-like. Be mindful of trailing slashes, port numbers, etc.
Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
Cannot find metadata for entity [your:entity.id] in [metadata.xml]
```
Resolution:

We could not find the metadata for the SAML Entity ID your:entity.id in the configured metadata file (metadata.xml).
1. Ensure that the metadata.xml file you are using is indeed the one provided by your SAML Identity Provider.
2. Ensure that the metadata.xml file contains one <EntityDescriptor> element as follows: <EntityDescriptor ID="0597c9aa-e69b-46e7-a1c6-636c7b8a8070" entityID="https://saml.example.com/f174199a-a96e-4201-88f1-0d57a610c522/" ... where the value of the entityID attribute is the same as the value of the idp.entity_id that you have set in your SAML realm configuration in elasticsearch.yml.
3. Note that these are also compared as case-sensitive strings and not as canonicalized URLs even when the values are URL-like.
Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
unable to authenticate user [<unauthenticated-saml-user>]
for action [cluster:admin/xpack/security/saml/authenticate]
```
Resolution:

This error indicates that Elasticsearch failed to process the incoming SAML authentication message. Since the message can’t be processed, Elasticsearch is not aware of who the to-be authenticated user is and the <unauthenticated-saml-user> placeholder is used instead. To diagnose the actual problem, you must check the Elasticsearch logs for further details.
Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
Authentication to realm <saml-realm-name> failed - SAML Attribute [<AttributeName0>] for
[xpack.security.authc.realms.saml.<saml-realm-name>.attributes.principal] not found in saml attributes
[<AttributeName1>=<AttributeValue1>, <AttributeName2>=<AttributeValue2>, ...] or NameID [ NameID(format)=value ]
```
Resolution:

This error indicates that Elasticsearch failed to find the necessary SAML attribute in the SAML response that the Identity Provider sent. In this example, Elasticsearch is configured as follows:
```
xpack.security.authc.realms.saml.<saml-realm-name>.attributes.principal: AttributeName0
```
This configuration means that Elasticsearch expects to find a SAML Attribute with the name AttributeName0 or a NameID with the appropriate format in the SAML response so that it can map it to the principal user property. The principal user property is a mandatory one, so if this mapping can’t happen, the authentication fails.

If you are attempting to map a NameID, make sure that the expected NameID format matches the one that is sent. See Special attribute names for more details.

If you are attempting to map a SAML attribute and it is not part of the list in the error message, it might mean that you have misspelled the attribute name, or that the IdP is not sending this particular attribute. You might be able to use another attribute from the list to map to principal or consult with your IdP administrator to determine if the required attribute can be sent.
Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
Cannot find [{urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:metadata}IDPSSODescriptor]/[urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-Redirect] in descriptor
```
Resolution:

This error indicates that the SAML metadata for your Identity Provider do not contain a <SingleSignOnService> endpoint with binding of HTTP-Redirect (urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-Redirect). Elasticsearch supports only the HTTP-Redirect binding for SAML authentication requests (and it doesn’t support the HTTP-POST binding). Consult your IdP administrator in order to enable at least one <SingleSignOnService> supporting HTTP-Redirect binding and update your IdP SAML Metadata.
Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
Authentication to realm my-saml-realm failed -
Provided SAML response is not valid for realm saml/my-saml-realm
(Caused by ElasticsearchSecurityException[SAML Response is not a 'success' response:
 The SAML IdP did not grant the request. It indicated that the Elastic Stack side sent
 something invalid (urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Requester). Specific status code which might
 indicate what the issue is: [urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:InvalidNameIDPolicy]]
)
```
Resolution:

This means that the SAML Identity Provider failed to authenticate the user and sent a SAML Response to the Service Provider (Elastic Stack) indicating this failure. The message will convey whether the SAML Identity Provider thinks that the problem is with the Service Provider (Elastic Stack) or with the Identity Provider itself and the specific status code that follows is extremely useful as it usually indicates the underlying issue. The list of specific error codes is defined in the SAML 2.0 Core specification - Section 3.2.2.2 and the most commonly encountered ones are:
1. urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:AuthnFailed: The SAML Identity Provider failed to authenticate the user. There is not much to troubleshoot on the Elastic Stack side for this status, the logs of the SAML Identity Provider will hopefully offer much more information.
2. urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:InvalidNameIDPolicy: The SAML Identity Provider cannot support releasing a NameID with the requested format. When creating SAML Authentication Requests, Elasticsearch sets the NameIDPolicy element of the Authentication request with the appropriate value. This is controlled by the nameid_format configuration parameter in elasticsearch.yml, which if not set defaults to urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:transient. This instructs the Identity Provider to return a NameID with that specific format in the SAML Response. If the SAML Identity Provider cannot grant that request, for example because it is configured to release a NameID format with urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent format instead, it returns this error indicating an invalid NameID policy. This issue can be resolved by adjusting nameid_format to match the format the SAML Identity Provider can return or by setting it to urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:unspecified so that the Identity Provider is allowed to return any format it wants.
Symptoms:

Authentication in Kibana fails and the following error is printed in the Elasticsearch logs:
```
The XML Signature of this SAML message cannot be validated. Please verify that the saml
realm uses the correct SAMLmetadata file/URL for this Identity Provider
```
Resolution:

This means that Elasticsearch failed to validate the digital signature of the SAML message that the Identity Provider sent. Elasticsearch uses the public key of the Identity Provider that is included in the SAML metadata, in order to validate the signature that the IdP has created using its corresponding private key. Failure to do so, can have a number of causes:
1. As the error message indicates, the most common cause is that the wrong metadata file is used and as such the public key it contains doesn’t correspond to the private key the Identity Provider uses.
2. The configuration of the Identity Provider has changed or the key has been rotated and the metadata file that Elasticsearch is using has not been updated.
3. The SAML Response has been altered in transit and the signature cannot be validated even though the correct key is used.
The private keys and public keys and self-signed X.509 certificates that are used in SAML for digital signatures as described above have no relation to the keys and certificates that are used for TLS either on the transport or the http layer. A failure such as the one described above has nothing to do with your xpack.ssl related configuration.
Symptoms:

Users are unable to login with a local username and password in Kibana because SAML is enabled.

Resolution:

If you want your users to be able to use local credentials to authenticate to Kibana in addition to using the SAML realm for Single Sign-On, you must enable the basic authProvider in Kibana. The process is documented in the SAML Guide
Symptoms:

No SAML request ID values are being passed from Kibana to Elasticsearch:
```
Caused by org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchSecurityException: SAML content is in-response-to [_A1B2C3D4E5F6G8H9I0] but expected one of []
```
Resolution: This error indicates that Elasticsearch received a SAML response tied to a particular SAML request, but Kibana didn’t explicitly specify ID of that request. This usually means that Kibana cannot find the user session where it previously stored the SAML request ID.

To resolve this issue, ensure that in your Kibana configuration xpack.security.sameSiteCookies is not set to Strict. Depending on your configuration, you may be able to rely on the default value or explicitly set the value to None.

For further information, please read MDN SameSite cookies

If you serve multiple Kibana installations behind a load balancer make sure to use the same security configuration for all installations.

Logging:

If the previous resolutions do not solve your issue, enable additional logging for the SAML realm to troubleshoot further. You can enable debug logging by configuring the following persistent setting:

resp = client.cluster.put_settings(
    persistent={
        "logger.org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.saml": "debug"
    },
)
print(resp)

response = client.cluster.put_settings(
  body: {
    persistent: {
      'logger.org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.saml' => 'debug'
    }
  }
)
puts response

const response = await client.cluster.putSettings({
  persistent: {
    "logger.org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.saml": "debug",
  },
});
console.log(response);

PUT /_cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "logger.org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.saml": "debug"
  }
}

Alternatively, you can add the following lines to the end of the log4j2.properties configuration file in the ES_PATH_CONF:

logger.saml.name = org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.saml
logger.saml.level = DEBUG

Refer to configuring logging levels for more information.

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