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Data Exfiltration Detection

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Data Exfiltration Detection

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Version

2.2.0 (View all)

Compatible Kibana version(s)

8.10.1 or higher

Supported Serverless project types
What’s this?

Security

Subscription level
What’s this?

Platinum

Level of support
What’s this?

Elastic

The Data Exfiltration Detection (DED) package contains assets for detecting data exfiltration in network and file data. Data Exfiltration Detection package currently supports only unidirectional flows and does not yet accommodate bi-directional flows. This package requires a Platinum subscription. Please ensure that you have a Trial or Platinum level subscription installed on your cluster before proceeding. This package is licensed under Elastic License 2.0.

For more detailed information refer to the following blog:

Installation

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  1. Upgrading: If upgrading from a version below v2.0.0, see the section v2.0.0 and beyond.
  2. Add the Integration Package: Install the package via Management > Integrations > Add Data Exfiltration Detection. Configure the integration name and agent policy. Click Save and Continue.
  3. Install assets: Install the assets by clicking Settings > Install Data Exfiltration Detection assets.
  4. Check the health of the transform: The transform is scheduled to run every 30 minutes. This transform creates the index ml_network_ded-<VERSION>. To check the health of the transform go to Management > Stack Management > Data > Transforms under logs-ded.pivot_transform-default-<FLEET-TRANSFORM-VERSION>. Follow the instructions under the header Customize Data Exfiltration Detection Transform below to adjust filters based on your environment’s needs.

  5. Create data views for anomaly detection jobs: The anomaly detection jobs under this package rely on two indices. One has file events (logs-endpoint.events.file-*), and the other index (ml_network_ded.all) collects network logs from a transform. Before enabling the anomaly detection jobs, create a data view with both index patterns.

    1. Go to Stack Management > Kibana > Data Views and click Create data view.
    2. Enter the name of your respective index patterns in the Index pattern box, i.e., logs-endpoint.events.file-*, ml_network_ded.all, and copy the same in the Name field.
    3. Select @timestamp under the Timestamp field and click on Save data view to Kibana.
    4. Use the new data view (logs-endpoint.events.file-*, ml_network_ded.all) to create anomaly detection jobs for this package.
  6. Add preconfigured anomaly detection jobs: In Machine Learning > Anomaly Detection, when you create a job, you should see an option to Use preconfigured jobs with a card for Data Exfiltration Detection. When you select the card, you will see a pre-configured anomaly detection job that you can enable depending on what makes the most sense for your environment. Note: In the Machine Learning app, these configurations are available only when data exists that matches the query specified in the ded-ml file. For example, this would be available in logs-endpoint.events.* if you used Elastic Defend to collect events.

  7. Data view configuration for Dashboards: For the dashboard to work as expected, the following settings need to be configured in Kibana.

    1. You have started the above anomaly detection jobs.
    2. You have read access to .ml-anomalies-shared index or are assigned the machine_learning_user role. For more information on roles, please refer to Built-in roles in Elastic. Please be aware that a user who has access to the underlying machine learning results indices can see the results of all jobs in all spaces. Be mindful of granting permissions if you use Kibana spaces to control which users can see which machine learning results. For more information on machine learning privileges, refer to setup-privileges.

    3. After enabling the jobs, go to Management > Stack Management > Kibana > Data Views. Click on Create data view with the following settings:

      • Name: .ml-anomalies-shared
      • Index pattern : .ml-anomalies-shared
      • Select Show Advanced settings enable Allow hidden and system indices
      • Custom data view ID: .ml-anomalies-shared
  8. Enable detection rules: You can also enable detection rules to alert on Data Exfiltration activity in your environment, based on anomalies flagged by the above ML jobs. As of version 2.0.0 of this package, these rules are available as part of the Detection Engine, and can be found using the tag Use Case: Data Exfiltration Detection. See this documentation for more information on importing and enabling the rules.
Data Exfiltration Detection Rules

In Security > Rules, filtering with the “Use Case: Data Exfiltration Detection” tag

Transform

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To inspect the installed assets, you can navigate to Stack Management > Data > Transforms.

Transform name Purpose Source index Destination index Alias

ded.pivot_transform

Collects network logs from your environment

logs-*

ml_network_ded-[version]

ml_network_ded.all

When querying the destination index (ml_network_ded-<VERSION>) for network logs, we advise using the alias for the destination index (ml_network_ded.all). In the event that the underlying package is upgraded, the alias will aid in maintaining the previous findings.

Customize Data Exfiltration Detection Transform

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To customize filters in the Data Exfiltration Detection transform, follow the below steps. You can use these instructions to add or remove filters for fields such as process.name, source.ip, destination.ip, and others.

  1. Go to Stack Management > Data > Transforms > logs-ded.pivot_transform-default-<FLEET-TRANSFORM-VERSION>.
  2. Click on the Actions bar at the far right of the transform and select the Clone option. image::images/ded/ded_transform_1.png[Data Exfiltration Detection Rules]
  3. In the new Clone transform window, go to the Search filter and update any field values you want to add or remove. Click on the Apply changes button on the right side to save these changes. Note: The image below shows an example of filtering a new process.name as explorer.exe. You can follow a similar example and update the field value list based on your environment to help reduce noise and potential false positives. image::images/ded/ded_transform_2.png[Data Exfiltration Detection Rules]
  4. Scroll down and select the Next button at the bottom right. Under the Transform details section, enter a new Transform ID and Destination index of your choice, then click on the Next button. image::images/ded/ded_transform_3.png[Data Exfiltration Detection Rules]
  5. Lastly, select the Create and Start option. Your updated transform will now start collecting data. Note: Do not forget to update your data view based on the new Destination index you have just created. image::images/ded/ded_transform_4.png[Data Exfiltration Detection Rules]

Dashboard

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After the data view for the dashboard is configured, the Data Exfiltration Detection Dashboard is available under Analytics > Dashboard. This dashboard gives an overview of anomalies triggered for the data exfiltration detection package.

Anomaly Detection Jobs

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Job Description

ded_high_sent_bytes_destination_geo_country_iso_code

Detects data exfiltration to an unusual geo-location (by country iso code).

ded_high_sent_bytes_destination_ip

Detects data exfiltration to an unusual geo-location (by IP address).

ded_high_sent_bytes_destination_port

Detects data exfiltration to an unusual destination port.

ded_high_sent_bytes_destination_region_name

Detects data exfiltration to an unusual geo-location (by region name).

ded_high_bytes_written_to_external_device

Detects data exfiltration activity by identifying high bytes written to an external device.

ded_rare_process_writing_to_external_device

Detects data exfiltration activity by identifying a writing event started by a rare process to an external device.

ded_high_bytes_written_to_external_device_airdrop

Detects data exfiltration activity by identifying high bytes written to an external device via Airdrop.

v2.0.0 and beyond

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v2.0.0 of the package introduces breaking changes, namely deprecating detection rules from the package. To continue receiving updates to Data Exfiltration Detection, we recommend upgrading to v2.0.0 after doing the following:

  • Delete existing ML jobs: Navigate to Machine Learning > Anomaly Detection and delete jobs corresponding to the following IDs:

    • high-sent-bytes-destination-geo-country_iso_code
    • high-sent-bytes-destination-ip
    • high-sent-bytes-destination-port
    • high-sent-bytes-destination-region_name
    • high-bytes-written-to-external-device
    • rare-process-writing-to-external-device
    • high-bytes-written-to-external-device-airdrop

Depending on the version of the package you’re using, you might also be able to search for the above jobs using the group data_exfiltration.

  • Uninstall existing rules associated with this package: Navigate to Security > Rules and delete the following rules:

    • Potential Data Exfiltration Activity to an Unusual ISO Code
    • Potential Data Exfiltration Activity to an Unusual Region
    • Potential Data Exfiltration Activity to an Unusual IP Address
    • Potential Data Exfiltration Activity to an Unusual Destination Port
    • Spike in Bytes Sent to an External Device
    • Spike in Bytes Sent to an External Device via Airdrop
    • Unusual Process Writing Data to an External Device

Depending on the version of the package you’re using, you might also be able to search for the above rules using the tag Data Exfiltration.

  • Upgrade the Data Exfiltration Detection package to v2.0.0 using the steps here
  • Install the new rules as described in the Enable detection rules section below.

In version 2.1.1, the package ignores data in cold and frozen data tiers to reduce heap memory usage, avoid running on outdated data, and to follow best practices.

Licensing

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Usage in production requires that you have a license key that permits use of machine learning features.

Changelog

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Changelog
Version Details Kibana version(s)

2.2.0

Enhancement (View pull request)
Add transform to Data Exfiltration Detection package

8.10.1 or higher

2.1.2

Enhancement (View pull request)
Improve package installation documentation

8.9.0 or higher

2.1.1

Enhancement (View pull request)
Add query settings to ignore frozen and cold data tiers

8.9.0 or higher

2.1.0

Enhancement (View pull request)
Add serverless support.

8.9.0 or higher

2.0.0

Enhancement (View pull request)
Removing detection rules from the package

8.9.0 or higher

1.0.3

Enhancement (View pull request)
Added security rules and anomaly detection jobs to detect exfiltration to external devices.

8.5.0 or higher

1.0.2

Enhancement (View pull request)
Add the Advanced Analytics (UEBA) subcategory

8.5.0 or higher

1.0.1

Enhancement (View pull request)
Added categories and/or subcategories.

8.5.0 or higher

1.0.0

Enhancement (View pull request)
Added dashboard and changed the datafeed of anomaly detection jobs

8.5.0 or higher

0.0.2

Enhancement (View pull request)
Move package to GA, change the package title, change ML job groups and detection rule tags

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0.0.1

Enhancement (View pull request)
Initial release of the package

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